The Impact of a Nationwide Blood Culture Bottle Shortage in 2024 on Healthcare Facilities in the United States.

Background: A shortage of BD BACTECTM blood culture bottles occurred in 2024. We describe the clinical impact of that shortage.

Methods: We conducted a National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) questionnaire and retrospective cohort study using inpatient hospitalization data from the Premier Healthcare Database.

Development of Computable Guidelines: GIN McMaster Guideline Development Checklist Extension for Computable Guidelines.

Background: Transforming Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) recommendations into computer readable language is a complex and ongoing process that requires significant resources, including time, expertise, and funds. The objective is to provide an extension of the widely used GIN-McMaster Guideline Development Checklist (GDC) and Tool for the development of computable guidelines (CGs).

Methods: Based on an outcome from the Human Centered Design (HCD) workshop hosted by the Guidelines International Network North America (GIN-NA), a team was formed to develop the checklist extension.

Developing a method to estimate aerosol generation during poultry slaughtering and defeathering in Bangladesh: An experimental study.

Influenza viruses can be aerosolized when slaughtering infected chickens, which increases the risk of zoonotic transmission. We conducted pilot experiments to measure the concentrations of airborne particles <2.5 μm during slaughtering and defeathering of chickens to help identify methods that can minimize workers' exposure to potentially hazardous aerosol particles.

Quality of Life, Disability, and Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes current literature about the disability burden of the fungal neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, eumycetoma, and paracoccidioidomycosis. The review highlights current knowledge gaps in global settings and describes available tools that could be adopted to fill these gaps.

Recent Findings: Sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and eumycetoma often present initially as skin lesions that can become progressively disfiguring, lead to stigmatization, and cause various sequalae affecting health and function.

Racial and ethnic differences in fatal child abuse and neglect and the intersection of community poverty: U.S., 2003 to 2022.

Introduction: In the U.S., child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem.

Indoor Air Quality Conditions and Respiratory Virus Detections in Elementary Schools-Kansas City, Missouri, February-March 2023.

Background/objectives: Respiratory viruses circulate year-round and can spread indoors via inhalation of airborne particles. Effective ventilation and filtration may reduce transmission, particularly in school settings where children and staff spend significant time. This study examines the impact of indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation in schools on respiratory virus detection.

Approaches to address common barriers to colorectal cancer screening in rural communities of the CDC's colorectal cancer control program.

Introduction: We identified potential approaches to address barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in rural communities of award recipients from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP).

Methods: Nine program managers and directors discussed approaches to address barriers to CRC screening. The programs served areas with rural communities and tribal reservations.

Promising approaches to support sustained colorectal cancer screening promotion strategies in primary care clinics.

Background: The Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) funds recipients to partner with primary care clinics to adopt and sustain evidence-based interventions (EBIs) that increase CRC screening. This qualitative study explored how CRCCP recipients support their clinic partners to sustain EBI implementation.

Materials And Methods: Two waves of data collection - including 27 key informant interviews and 4 validation focus groups with CRCCP recipients - explored recipients' preparation for partnering with potential clinics and supporting EBI implementation and sustainment.

Cleaning: A Retail and Foodservice Perspective.

Surface sanitation is used to mitigate the transmission of infectious agents and is the collective process of washing a surface then rinsing it with potable water to remove debris and residual cleaning agent. If necessary and depending on surface type, contamination event, or regulatory requirement, an antimicrobial agent (chemical sanitizer or disinfectant) registered with the Environmental Protection Agency or heat (steam or hot water) can be applied to the surface to reduce or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. The absence of universally defined terms and regulations pertaining to the various stages of surface sanitation has resulted in confusion, potentially leading to inadequate sanitation practices and persistent surface contamination.

Rickettsia lanei, sp. nov. (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), a Newly Recognized Pathogen of Humans Associated with the Rabbit Tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Acari: Ixodidae).

Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (the rabbit tick) is one of the most broadly distributed hard tick species in the Americas. In 2018, investigators amplified DNA from a spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) species found in host-seeking larvae and nymphs of H. leporispalustris collected in northern California and proposed the name Candidatus "Rickettsia lanei" using results obtained via multilocus sequence typing.

A Real-World Cohort Study of the Risks of Kidney Failure and Death in Diabetes.

Background: Risks of kidney failure versus death in diabetes have not been previously quantified across a full range of kidney function. The study aim was to assess competing risks of kidney failure and death in a real-world cohort with diabetes.

Methods: Cumulative incidence functions for kidney failure and death, stratified by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were estimated for the diabetes population from electronic health record data at Providence and the University of California Los Angeles health systems.

Seven candidate interventions to address abuse of older people.

The Abuse of Older People - Intervention Accelerator (AOP-IA) project aims to accelerate the development of effective interventions to prevent and reduce AOP aged 60 and older within the framework of the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030). The AOP-IA was launched in response to the global need for interventions with proven effectiveness, as few existing approaches have been rigorously evaluated. This paper focuses on the first two phases of the AOP-IA project, which involved conducting a systematic search, screening and evaluation process to identify candidate interventions ready to be rigorously evaluated in future stages of the project, as well as establishing a network of intervention developers.

Computational modeling for PPE filtration: Informed by material characterization, microbial penetration, and particle mechanics.

This work assesses the current characterization framework of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) per recognized consensus standards and presents a novel quantitative approach to refining characterization of barrier materials and predicting PPE performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software (Diameter J) were used to examine the microscopic fiber and pore structure of filter layers of surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators, before and after exposure to chemicals used in decontamination modalities (vaporized hydrogen peroxide or ozone). The effect of porosity on penetration was assessed by bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) testing.

Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic Source-Alaska, 2020-2023.

Background: Borealpox virus (previously known as Alaskapox virus) is an Orthopoxvirus species first identified in a patient living near Fairbanks, Alaska, in 2015; the source of the patient's infection was unknown. Six additional borealpox cases have been identified through 2023.

Methods: We conducted interviews to ascertain travel history and potential exposures for the six patients, trapped small mammals for orthopoxvirus testing, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of viral DNA sequences.

Narrowing and Reversing Sex Gaps in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Historically, cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been more prevalent among males. However, emerging evidence suggests cannabis use may be increasing faster among females in younger age groups. This study characterized changes in female versus male differences in cannabis use and CUD across age groups and time.

Spatial variation of infectious virus load in aggregated day 3 post-inoculation respiratory tract tissues from influenza A virus-infected ferrets.

The ferret model is widely used to study influenza A viruses (IAVs) isolated from multiple avian and mammalian species, as IAVs typically replicate in the respiratory tract of ferrets without the need for prior host adaptation. During standard IAV risk assessments, tissues are routinely collected from ferrets at a fixed time point post-inoculation to assess the capacity for systemic spread. Here, we describe a data set of virus titers in tissues collected from both respiratory tract and extrapulmonary sites 3 days post-inoculation from over 300 ferrets inoculated with more than 100 unique IAVs (inclusive of H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, and H9 IAV subtypes, both mammalian and zoonotic origin).

Understanding How Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Impacts the Career and Independence of Young Adults.

Research on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and its impact on young adults is limited, despite this being an important time in their lives to work toward independence and career development. We analyzed data on 663 persons aged 17-29 years old with mTBI (i.e.

Changes in the Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection.

This article describes the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) by outlining common approaches to CDI surveillance, including the application of a case definition and risk adjustment, and summarizing recent global trends in the incidence or prevalence of CDI. The article also describes important risk factors for CDI and recent advancements in identifying sources of C difficile.

Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in NHANES August 2021-August 2023: An Examination of Race/Hispanic Origin Subgroup Estimates.

Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provides nationally representative data on child obesity using measured height and weight. Due to COVID-19, the NHANES August 2021-August 2023 cycle had design changes and smaller sample sizes for certain race/Hispanic origin groups. The objective is to explore sex and race/Hispanic origin-specific childhood obesity trends.

Safety and effectiveness of contraception among women with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

Objectives: To systematically review evidence on the safety and effectiveness of contraceptive use among women with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Study Design: We searched for articles in multiple databases from database inception through December 12, 2022, that assessed safety and effectiveness of contraceptive use among women with CKD; all study designs were included. We extracted data from included articles; for studies that were not case series or case reports, we assessed risk of bias and determined certainty of evidence for each outcome.

Phase 2C clinical trial of novel short-course regimens for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: TBTC study 38/CRUSH-TB design.

Introduction: Preclinical and clinical study data show that combining bedaquiline (B or BDQ), moxifloxacin (M), and pyrazinamide (Z), known as BMZ, has potent antimicrobial activity that might shorten treatment duration for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods/design: We describe the design of Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC) Study 38/CRUSH-TB (NCT05766267), an open-label multicenter international randomized controlled phase 2C trial that compares two four-month regimens, BMZ plus rifabutin (Rb) (2BMZRb/2BMRb) or BMZ plus delamanid (D or DLM) (2BMZD/2BMD), with standard 6-months isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE). All drugs are administered seven days per week, under direct observation, at least five days per week.