Constipation and Parkinson disease: A 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have a higher risk of having constipation and vice versa. But so far it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship. Therefore, a 2-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study was performed to investigate the potential bidirectional association between constipation and PD.

Identification of differentially expressed genes, pathways, and immune infiltration in diabetes.

This study aimed to perform exhaustive bioinformatic analysis by using GSE29221 micro-array maps obtained from healthy controls and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) patients. Raw data are downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and processed by the limma package in R software to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). Gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Gene Encyclopedia and Genome Pathway analysis are performed to determine the biological functions and pathways of DEGs.

Epigenomic profiling indicates a role for DNA methylation in the postnatal liver and pancreas development of giant pandas.

Giant pandas are unique within Carnivora with a strict bamboo diet. Here, the epigenomic profiles of giant panda liver and pancreas tissues collected from three important feeding stages were investigated using BS-seq. Few differences in DNA methylation profiles were exhibited between no feeding and suckling groups in both tissues.