Development of a ReaxFF potential for Pt-O systems describing the energetics and dynamics of Pt-oxide formation.

ReaxFF force field parameters describing Pt-Pt and Pt-O interactions have been developed and tested. The Pt-Pt parameters are shown to accurately account for the chemical nature, atomic structures and other materials properties of bulk platinum phases, low and high-index platinum surfaces and nanoclusters. The Pt-O parameters reliably describe bulk platinum oxides, as well as oxygen adsorption and oxide formation on Pt(111) terraces and the {111} and {100} steps connecting them.

Injury patterns of seniors in traffic accidents: A technical and medical analysis.

Aim: To investigate the actual injury situation of seniors in traffic accidents and to evaluate the different injury patterns.

Methods: Injury data, environmental circumstances and crash circumstances of accidents were collected shortly after the accident event at the scene. With these data, a technical and medical analysis was performed, including Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale.