Gram staining reveals diverse bacterial associations in coral cell-associated microbial aggregates in the Pacific Ocean.

Cell-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) (also referred to as coral-associated microbial aggregates) have been observed in 24 coral species from the Pacific Ocean, and studies indicate most contain gram-negative bacilli from the genus Here, we used histology with Gram staining to evaluate the morphology and distribution of CAMAs in six species of scleractinian corals from Hawaii and Palmyra. Within CAMAs, we observed the coexistence of bacteria with differing morphologies and Gram-staining properties both within and among coral species. and had mostly gram-negative bacilli, whereas gram-negative cocci dominated in .

Translocating deadwood in ecological compensation benefits saproxylic beetles, but effects are dependent on substrate density.

Ecological compensation is increasingly used to offset habitat and biodiversity loss resulting from changes in land use, large infrastructure projects (e.g., roads and railroads) or industrial expansions (e.

Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of and .

Collection of coral for histologic examination requires holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histologic processing. This could adversely affect the interpretation of morphologic changes during histologic examinations. We evaluated the microscopic morphology of and held (0-120 minutes) in seawater prior to fixation in Z-Fix formulated with raw or artificial seawater.

Pathology of tissue loss in three key gorgonian species in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Mediterranean is known for its marine biodiversity, especially gorgonian forests. Unfortunately, these are experiencing rapid declines due to climate change, manifested by repeated marine heat waves resulting in mass mortality events since the early 1990 s. To better understand why gorgonians are declining, more systematic approaches to investigate the exact causes are needed, and pathology may aid in this goal.

Functional responses of understory plants to natural disturbance-based management in eastern and western Canada.

Natural disturbance-based management (NDBM) is hypothesized to maintain managed forest ecosystem integrity by reducing differences between natural and managed forests. The effectiveness of this approach often entails local comparisons of species composition or diversity for a variety of biota from managed and unmanaged forests. Understory vegetation is regularly the focus of such comparison because of its importance in nutrient cycling, forest regeneration, and for wildlife.