Incidence and risk factors of delayed postpolypectomy bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.

Background/aim: Delayed bleeding is a serious complication that occurs after polypectomy. Many risk factors for delayed bleeding have been suggested, but there is little analysis of procedure-related risk factors. The purpose of this study is to identify a wide range of risk factors for delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB) and analyze the correlations of those potential DPPB risk factors.

Graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for smoking patients.

Background: There has been no previous study regarding graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for smoking patients.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction between smokers and nonsmokers and to find an optimal graft in ACL reconstruction with regard to clinical outcomes for smoking patients.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Metformin-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain increases FGF21 expression via ATF4 activation.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that exhibits anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. Because metformin is widely used as a glucose-lowering agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), we investigated whether metformin modulates FGF21 expression in cell lines, and in mice or human subjects. We found that metformin increased the expression and release of FGF21 in a diverse set of cell types, including rat hepatoma FaO, primary mouse hepatocytes, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).

Survival analysis of a miniplate and tube device designed to provide skeletal anchorage.

Introduction: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compute the clinical survival and complication rates of a miniplate with a tube device (C-tube) used for orthodontic treatment.

Methods: From August 2003 to May 2012, 217 patients were recruited. They received 341 C-tube miniplates.

Long-term efficacy of entecavir plus adefovir combination therapy versus entecavir monotherapy in adefovir refractory chronic hepatitis B patients with prior lamivudine resistance.

Objectives: We investigated the long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) + adefovir (ADV) combination therapy versus ETV monotherapy in lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who failed to respond to ADV rescue therapy.

Methods: A total of 91 ADV refractory patients with prior LAM resistance received ETV (1.0 mg/day) + ADV (10 mg/day) combination therapy (group A, n = 45) or ETV (1.

Three-dimensional soft-tissue and hard-tissue changes in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion.

Introduction: Facial convexity related to bimaxillary protrusion is prevalent in many populations. Underlying skeletal protrusion combined with increased dentoalveolar protrusion contributes to facial muscle imbalance and lip incompetence, which is undesirable for many patients. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between soft-tissue and hard-tissue changes in an orthodontically treated Asian population.

Chin plate with a detachable C-tube head serves for both osteotomy fixation and orthodontic anchorage.

Backgrounds: This article reports the dual function of a double-Y miniplate with a detachable C-tube head (C-chin plate; Jin Biomed Co., Bucheon, Korea) used to fixate an anterior segmental osteotomy and provide skeletal anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: Cases were selected for this study from patients who underwent anterior segmental osteotomy under local anesthesia.

Acute exercise induces FGF21 expression in mice and in healthy humans.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis during starvation and has an excellent therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in rodents and monkeys. Acute exercise affects glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing glucose uptake and lipolysis. However, it is not known whether acute exercise affects FGF21 expression.

Clinical outcomes for reconstruction of the posterolateral corner and posterior cruciate ligament in injuries with mild grade 2 or less posterior translation: comparison with isolated posterolateral corner reconstruction.

Background: There have been no previous studies showing clinical outcomes according to treatment options of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury with mild grade 2 or less posterior translation (<7 mm) combined with posterolateral rotatory instability.

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction with or without simultaneous PCL reconstruction in PCL injuries with mild posterior translation.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Synergistic antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil in combination with parthenolide in human colorectal cancer.

Parthenolide (PT), a NF-κB inhibitor, has recently been demonstrated as a promising anticancer agent that promotes apoptosis of cancer cells. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been a drug of choice for treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, many of the therapies that use 5-FU alone or in combination with other agents are likely to become ineffective due to drug resistance.

Torque control during lingual anterior retraction without posterior appliances.

Objective: To evaluate the factors that affect torque control during anterior retraction when utilizing the C-retractor with a palatal miniplate as an exclusive source of anchorage without posterior appliances.

Methods: The C-retractor was modeled using a 3-dimensional beam element (0.9-mm-diameter stainless-steel wire) attached to mesh bonding pads.

Radiofrequency ablation and excision of multiple cutaneous lesions in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background: Von Recklinghausen disease or neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of chromosome 17q11.2. The most common characteristic findings of NF 1 include multiple and recurrent cutaneous neurofibromas associated with psychosocial distress.

Signet-ring cell carcinoma mimicking gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided trucut biopsy.

A submucosal gastric adenocarcinoma, especially the signet ring cell type, is rare. The histologic evaluation techniques for this lesion has not been established; however, histologic confirmation is very important for decision of treatment method. Here, we report a 57-year-old man with a 12-cm gastric submucosal signet ring cell type adenocarcinoma, diagnosed by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided Trucut biopsy and immunochemical studies.

Combined categorical reporting systems of US and cytology findings for thyroid nodules: guidance on repeat fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of the combined categorical reporting system of ultrasonography (US) and cytology results for thyroid nodules to suggest indications of repeat US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and the requirement for informed consent was waived for this retrospective study. From June 2001 to December 2009, 1084 patients (978 women, 106 men) who underwent repeat US-guided FNAC of thyroid nodules were included.

Correction of dental Class III with posterior open bite by simple biomechanics using an anterior C-tube miniplate.

In the correction of dental Class III molar relationship in skeletal Class II patients, uprighting of the mandibular posterior segments without opening the mandible is an important treatment objective. In the case reported herein, a C-tube miniplate fixed to the lower labial symphysis and connected with a nickel-titanium reverse-curved archwire provided effective uprighting of the lower molars, without the need of orthodontic appliances on the mandibular anteriors. Using this approach, an appropriate magnitude of force is exerted on the molars while avoiding any negative effect on the mandibular anteriors.

Long-term treatment efficacy and safety of clevudine therapy in naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background/aims: Clevudine (CLV) has potent antiviral activity against chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. The long-term efficacy and safety of CLV therapy in naïve patients with CHB were investigated.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 152 naïve Korean patients with CHB who received 30 mg of CLV once daily for at least 12 months were investigated.

Should anticoagulants be administered for portal vein thrombosis associated with acute pancreatitis?

Venous complications in patients with acute pancreatitis typically occur as a form of splenic, portal, or superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and have been detected more frequently in recent reports. Although a well-organized protocol for the treatment of venous thrombosis has not been established, anticoagulation therapy is commonly recommended. A 73-year-old man was diagnosed with acute progressive portal vein thrombosis associated with acute pancreatitis.

Stress distribution and displacement by different bone-borne palatal expanders with micro-implants: a three-dimensional finite-element analysis.

The aim of this study was to analyze stress distribution and displacement of the maxilla and teeth according to different designs of bone-borne palatal expanders using micro-implants. A three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) model of the craniofacial bones and maxillary teeth was obtained. Four designs of rapid maxillary expanders: one with micro-implants placed lateral to mid-palatal suture (type 1), the second at the palatal slope (type 2), the third as in type 1 with additional conventional Hyrax arms (type 3), and the fourth surgically assisted tooth-borne expander (type 4) were added to the FE models.

Three-dimensional retraction of anterior teeth with orthodontic miniplates in patients with temporomandibular disorder.

Vertical dimension control is critical for adults with Class II high-angle malocclusions. If the patient has a temporomandibular disorder, this requirement is exacerbated. When extraction is planned, the treatment challenge is further increased.

The successful endoscopic hemostasis factors in bleeding from advanced gastric cancer.

Background: When patients with advanced gastric cancer experience active bleeding, gastroenterologists normally choose between two treatment modalities, endoscopic hemostasis and transarterial embolization (TAE). In patients with advanced gastric cancer with bleeding, the predictive factors for endoscopic hemostatic failure are still unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate predictive factors for endoscopic hemostasis failure and to differentiate which hemostasis procedure is more effective for advanced gastric cancer with bleeding.

Retention in endoplasmic reticulum 1 (RER1) modulates amyloid-β (Aβ) production by altering trafficking of γ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Background: Aβ production is influenced by intracellular trafficking of secretases and amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Results: Retention in endoplasmic reticulum 1 (RER1) regulates the trafficking of γ-secretase and APP, thereby influences Aβ production.

Conclusion: RER1, an ER retention/retrieval factor for γ-secretase and APP, modulates Aβ production.

A case of severe acute hepatitis a complicated with pure red cell aplasia.

Hepatitis A is typically a self-limited acute illness that does not progress to chronic hepatitis. In rare cases, acute hepatitis A can be associated with serious complications (such as fulminant hepatitis or acute kidney injury) and may result in death or liver transplantation. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by anemia, reticulocytopenia in the blood, and isolated erythroblastopenia with normal granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis in the bone marrow.