Neospora caninum in pigs and pig farmers in India: Examining the prevalence, immunodominant antigens and associated risk factors.

Neospora caninum, a protozoan parasite, is a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle and affects reproductive efficiency in pigs worldwide. Due to the limited data on N. caninum infection in pigs and humans in India, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of N.

Occurrence of Coxiellosis in ruminants and its associated risk factors.

Coxiellosis in animals is caused by the zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii. Although the disease is of public health importance it remains underdiagnosed and underreported. The cross- sectional study was aimed to estimate the occurrence of the disease in livestock of study area and also to identify the risk factors associated with the disease in animals.

Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in free-ranging rats from Nagpur, India.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are cyst-forming coccidian parasites that infect both wild and domestic non-felids as intermediate hosts, with rodents serving as important reservoir hosts during their life cycles. This study was aimed at investigating T. gondii and N.

Comparative analysis of diagnostic assays for scrub typhus: Unveiling enhanced approaches for accurate detection.

The study comparatively evaluated serological assays, namely, Weil Felix assay, and IgM ELISA with the gold-standard immunofluorescence test (IFAT) for the sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of scrub typhus infection in occupationally exposed groups of humans. A total of 78 serum samples collected from persons affected with various ailments and belonging to different risk groups were screened in the study. Out of the 78 serum samples tested, a total of 17, 26, and 47 samples turned out to be positive by IFAT, IgM ELISA, and Weil Felix test, respectively.

Optimization of In-House Indirect-ELISA & EITB Assays Employing Antigens for Serological Detection and PCR Assays for Molecular Detection of Porcine Cysticercosis.

Background: Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of is an important neglected zoonosis. We evaluated the presence of anti-cysticercal antibodies and specific DNA in pig sera and blood samples respectively collected from Maharashtra, India.

Methods: A total of three antigens (Scolex Antigen (SA), Membrane Body Antigen (MBA) and Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA)) were prepared from metacestodes of and employed in an in-house developed indirect-IgG ELISA for serological screening of 1000 porcine sera samples at Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra, India.

Potential of cinnamaldehyde essential oil as a possible antimicrobial against fowl typhoid in layers.

Fowl typhoid (FT) is an economically significant bacterial disease of layers leading to a drastic drop in egg production. Due to increased public health concerns about antibiotics in poultry feed, a search for new safe antimicrobials for treating fowl typhoid is crucial. The antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CnEO) against fowl typhoid in layers was investigated in this experiment.

Is Atrophic Nonunion a Misnomer - A Hospital-based Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

 The present study was conducted to estimate histologically the proportion of avascularity of fracture ends in case of nonunion of long bones.  A total of 15 cases of established quiescent nonunion were operated according to the standard protocol and the fracture ends were evaluated histologically. The biopsied tissue was briefly fixed with formalin, embedded with paraffin (FFPE), and 5-micron sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to standard protocols.

Seroprevalence, risk factors, and serological cross-reactivity for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in goats in India.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are genetically related cyst-forming protozoan parasites that cause reproductive failures in ruminants. Given the limited information on the epidemiology of these infections in goats in India, the study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence, assess antibody cross-reactivity for diagnosis, and identify associated risk factors. A total of 695 sera were evaluated for antibodies to T.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Central India.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related cyst-forming parasites identified as important causes of reproductive failures in ruminants. While these parasites have been reported worldwide, seroprevalence and associated risk factors for cattle infections have not been determined in India. A total of 576 serum samples of cattle were analyzed for antibodies to T.

In silico molecular docking and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of phytochemicals against multi-drug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp.

Background: In the wake of emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bioactive phytochemical compounds are proving to be important therapeutic agents. The present study envisaged in silico molecular docking as well as in vitro antimicrobial efficacy screening of identified phytochemical ligands to the dispersin (aap) and outer membrane osmoporin (OmpC) domains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS), respectively.

Evaluation of FKBP5 as a cortisol activity biomarker in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of FKBP5 as a cortisol activity biomarker in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome (CS).

Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, noninterventional study of a cortisol activity biomarker in adult patients (≥18 years) with documented ACTH-dependent, endogenous CS. The impact of surgery on FKBP5 mRNA expression levels in these patients and the difference in expression levels between these patients and healthy controls were evaluated.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among veterinary personnel and abattoir workers in Central India.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is an important zoonotic infection. Veterinary personnel and abattoir workers are considered to be at a high risk of T. gondii infection owing to their occupational exposure.

Journey towards National Institute of One Health in India.

Background & Objectives: Issues such as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food security, biosafety and biosecurity are associated with changes in land use, population growth, urbanization, global travel and trade and climate change. As a result, a trans-disciplinary approach among human, animal and environmental health disciplines gained support. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) decided to establish a National Institute of One Health at Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Evaluation of recombinant leptospiral surface antigen (Lsa27) lipoprotein for serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis by latex agglutination test.

Purpose: Leptospirosis has wide clinical presentations often mimicking other illnesses, thus rapid and simple diagnostics will have facilitated the initial patient management and therapy compared to other inaccessible and laborious tests/assays.

Method: In this study, the sensitized latex beads coated with purified recombinant outer membrane (OM)-leptospiral surface antigen (Lsa27) lipoprotein of pathogenic Leptospira was evaluated as a diagnostic antigen in latex agglutination test (LAT) for the detection of anti-leptospiral antibodies in the human sera. The prepared rLsa27 latex beads were evaluated with the confirmed microscopic agglutination test (MAT) reactive (at 1:50) Leptospira-specific positive (n = 42) and non-reactive negative (n = 80) sera from human cases suspected of leptospirosis with the history of pyrexia of unknown origin.

Toxoplasma gondii induces robust humoral immune response against cyst wall antigens in chronically infected animals and humans.

Toxoplasma gondii differentiation from proliferating tachyzoites into latent bradyzoites is central to pathogenesis and transmission. Strong humoral immune response has been reported against tachyzoite antigens, however, antibody-mediated response towards bradyzoite antigens is poorly characterized. This work aimed to study the humoral immune response towards bradyzoite and associated cyst wall antigens particularly CST1.

Cultivable microbiota and pulmonary lesions in polymicrobial bovine pneumonia.

In the present study, the spectrum of bacterial pathogens in the nasal shedding during disease process and in pneumonic lungs of dead animals was studied. A total of 288 clinical samples from cattle and buffaloes comprising of nasal swabs, blood, tracheal swabs, heart blood and lung tissue samples were collected from diseased (n = 190) and dead animals (n = 98). The recovered bacterial isolates were characterized by biochemical reactions, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS) and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis.

Stabilization of cutinase by covalent attachment on magnetic nanoparticles and improvement of its catalytic activity by ultrasonication.

This paper reports on stabilization of serine cutinase activity by immobilizing it through cross linking with glutaraldehyde on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and intensification of catalytic activity by ultrasonic treatment. The optimum parameters were cross linking with 10.52 mM glutaraldehyde for 90 min using 1:2 (w/w) ratio of enzyme:Fe-NPs.

Identification and characterization of a novel infectious bursal disease virus from outbreaks in Maharashtra Province of India.

Aim: The study was undertaken to isolate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from clinical cases in broiler and cockerel flocks of Maharashtra state, India, and its molecular epidemiological investigation.

Materials And Methods: The morbid bursal tissues were collected from flocks suspected for IBD. The samples were subjected for virus adaptation in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells followed by confirmation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for partial VP sequence and phylogenetic analysis.

Apparent prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of Coxiella burnetii infection in goats and humans in Chhattisgarh and Odisha, India.

Coxiella burnetii is one of the most contagious pathogen associated with Q fever in humans, while, ruminants act as important source of infection for humans. In the present cross sectional study, a total of 464 samples were collected from 218 goats comprising of 218 sera, 218 blood and 28 milk from various parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha region, India. Besides, environmental (33; soil- 4, faecal- 10, feed-6, drainage water- 6, drinking water- 7) and rodent (38) samples were also collected from the premises of the animals.

Pathological and molecular identification of porcine cysticercosis in Maharashtra, India.

Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium is an important emerging zoonotic disease with public health and economic significance. Pigs acquire the disease through consumption of Taenia solium eggs excreted by human tapeworm carriers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Nagpur and Mumbai region of Maharashtra, India by P/M examination of carcasses followed by histopathology of affected organs in infected animals and molecular identification of cysts for confirmation.

Listeria goaensis sp. nov.

Two Listeria-like isolates obtained from mangrove swamps in Goa, India were characterized using polyphasic combinations of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based approaches. The isolates presented as short, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rods, that were non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and exhibited α-haemolysis on 5 % sheep- and horse-blood agar plates. The 16S rRNA gene sequences exhibited 93.

Extraction and characterization of chitosan from prawn shell waste and its conjugation with cutinase for enhanced thermo-stability.

The present article describes extraction of chitosan from prawn shells waste and its application in thermal stabilization of Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1 cutinase by non-covalent and covalent conjugation. Extracted chitosan represented 78.

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Rodents and Mites from Central India.

Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus in humans, is an obligate intracytosolic bacterium transmitted among animals and to humans by some species of larval trombiculid mites (chiggers) and is hosted mainly by rodents. In this study, we attempted detection of O. tsutsugamushi from blood and tissue samples of rodents trapped from different locations in Central India using PCR targeting the 56 kDa outer membrane protein gene and the 47 kDa high temperature transmembrane protein gene.

Non-covalent conjugation of cutinase from Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1 with pectin for enhanced stability: Process minutiae, kinetics, thermodynamics and structural study.

Cutinase, a member of α/β-fold hydrolase family possess potentially diverse applications in several industrial processes and products. The present work aims towards thermo-stabilization of cutinase from novel source Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1 via non-covalent interaction with polysaccharides.