Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Multiperspective Qualitative Study.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) portends a devastating prognosis for patients, with survival typically being < 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. Limited clinical trial data exist to guide treatment strategies, and the efficacy of current strategies-immunomodulation and antifibrotics-remains uncertain. Large randomized controlled trials are costly, but pragmatic trial designs could reduce expenses.

Advanced Echocardiographic Assessment Predicts 1-Year Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Despite advancements in diagnosing and managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), critically ill patients with PAH experience high mortality and current risk scores offer limited utility for risk stratification.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether echo-derived right heart metrics improve risk prediction for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in critically ill PAH patients.

Methods: We analyzed PAH patients admitted to the intensive care unit from January 2010 to December 2020, with follow-up through January 2025.

Etiology of Severe Pneumonia in Intubated Children: A Case-Control Study in Children 1-24 Months of Age in a Tertiary Hospital in South India.

Identification of the etiological agent in severe pneumonia is limited by factors such as the poor yield from blood samples and the presence of colonizers in the respiratory tract. Samples from the lower respiratory tract could be more representative of the etiological agent causing pneumonia. We conducted a case-control study to determine the etiology of community-acquired severe pneumonia requiring intubation.

An unusual cause of tetany in an infant born to a consanguineous couple with a sibling death.

In this case report, we present an infant with abnormal body movements in her second month. She was born of a third-degree consanguineous marriage, and the previous sibling, who had similar complaints beginning in the fourth month, expired in the fifth month. On reviewing the video recorded by parents, the abnormal movements were suggestive of tetany.

Lung transplantation for connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease: Clinical outcomes compared to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Lung transplantation can be lifesaving for patients with end-stage interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to connective tissue disease (CTD). However, patients with CTD-related ILD (CTD-ILD) are designated as a high-risk group for lung transplant complications due to the potential extrapulmonary manifestations of CTD.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective age-matched cohort study of 34 patients with CTD-ILD and 34 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent lung transplantation between January 2015 and March 2023.