Longitudinal Characterization and Sonographic Staging of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors.

Context: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) frequently develop and are the most common cause of male infertility in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Little is known about the natural course.

Objective: We aimed to investigate age of onset, associated factors, and characterize the sonographic natural history of TART in males with classic CAH followed prospectively from childhood to adulthood.

Comparison of iBreastExam with clinical breast examination for early detection of breast cancer in community outreach clinics in Pune, India.

Clinical breast examination (CBE) is the only feasible option for the low- and middle-income countries that have the rising burden of breast cancers but lack adequate infrastructure and human resources for organised mammography screening programmes. However, CBE is a subjective test and this warrants evaluation of alternatives to CBE. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the agreement between iBreastExam (iBE) and CBE for early detection of breast cancers.

A novel technology for margin extension and local control in breast conservation surgery: Saline-coupled intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (SIRA).

Importance: Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) results in reoperation in ∼20 % of cases due to positive margins, and a 7-13 % recurrence risk at 5 years persists despite negative margins and radiation. Enhancing margin treatment is critical to reducing local recurrence and improving survival.

Objective: To optimize and evaluate the performance of a Saline-coupled Intraoperative Radiofrequency Ablation (SIRA) device in producing uniform 1 cm ablations in lumpectomy cavities and compare it to prior-generation RFA technology in previous clinical studies.

Total Synthesis of the Conjugation-Ready Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen NCTC 8505 O-Antigen.

Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the conjugation-ready tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from NCTC 8505. This work features a novel synthetic route for the incorporation of the α-linked l-galactosaminuronic acid (l-GalpNAcA) moiety in oligosaccharide synthesis. The target molecule poses several challenging elements, including synthesis of rare sugar units, such as d-bacillosamine and l-GalpNAcA, inherently poor nucleophilicity of the axial 4-hydroxyl group of l-galactosamine, and its demanding stereoselective couplings.