Personalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Behavioral and Neurophysiologic Outcomes.

Importance: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is emerging as a home-based intervention for neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive enhancement. However, its effectiveness is limited by interindividual variability, as fixed-dose protocols have failed to account for anatomic differences influencing current delivery to targeted regions and treatment outcome. While computational modeling supports individualized dosing to improve consistency, experimental validation remains limited.

Association Between Urban Upbringing and Cortical Gyrification in Persons with Schizophrenia.

Background: Many studies suggest that urban upbringing might increase the risk of developing schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the precise brain changes associated with urban upbringing remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how urban upbringing might influence cortical gyrification, a brain feature that reflects early structural development.

Longitudinal evaluation of common and unique brain-networks in variants of primary progressive aphasia.

Background And Objectives: The two variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) with Frontotemporal dementia pathology- semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent (nfvPPA) exhibit both shared and distinct features. The phenotypic heterogeneity stems from alterations in underlying brain networks. Investigating the common network (CN) and variant-specific unique network (UN) is critical to understanding the pathology of these conditions.

Investigation of in-vivo GABA and Glutamate levels in patients with drug resistant unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy using MEGA-PRESS and correlates with clinical semiology.

Background: In this study, we used in vivo MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy to investigate GABA and Glu levels in patients with drug-resistant unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and also look for correlation between neurometabolites and clinical semiology assessed by other modalities.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with TLE underwent MRS data acquisition on a 3.0 T MRI.

Putative Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Examined Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: The neural mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in refractory schizophrenia remain elusive. In the current study, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived structural (cortical/subcortical volumes) and functional (resting-state connectivity) brain changes after ECT and their associations with clinical response.

Methods: We used an inductive (whole-brain, hypothesis-free) approach to examine structural and functional brain changes and their association with clinical response (positive symptom reduction) in clozapine-refractory schizophrenia ( = 30) after ECT (median 8 sessions).