Phase 2C clinical trial of novel short-course regimens for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: TBTC study 38/CRUSH-TB design.

Introduction: Preclinical and clinical study data show that combining bedaquiline (B or BDQ), moxifloxacin (M), and pyrazinamide (Z), known as BMZ, has potent antimicrobial activity that might shorten treatment duration for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods/design: We describe the design of Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC) Study 38/CRUSH-TB (NCT05766267), an open-label multicenter international randomized controlled phase 2C trial that compares two four-month regimens, BMZ plus rifabutin (Rb) (2BMZRb/2BMRb) or BMZ plus delamanid (D or DLM) (2BMZD/2BMD), with standard 6-months isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE). All drugs are administered seven days per week, under direct observation, at least five days per week.

Incidence of Strabismus in Childhood Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the cumulative incidence of strabismus in childhood glaucoma and compare its risk to that in healthy controls.

Design: A retrospective clinical cohort study.

Participants: Childhood glaucoma patients aged ≤18 years from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network.

Gene expression variation across genetically identical individuals predicts reproductive traits.

In recent decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been the major approach to understand the biological basis of individual differences in traits and diseases. However, GWAS approaches have limited predictive power to explain individual differences, particularly for complex traits and diseases in which environmental factors play a substantial role in their etiology. Indeed, individual differences persist even in genetically identical individuals, although fully separating genetic and environmental causation is difficult in most organisms.