Adaptation of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory Subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scales - 3rd Edition to assess accelerated long-term forgetting in adults with epilepsy.

Objective: The present study provides normative data for adapted versions of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Logical Memory subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scales - 3rd edition (WMS-III-LM), involving both recall and recognition procedures after a 2-week delay to assess accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). The study also aims to achieve a clinical validation of these tests in a group of people with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods: A total of 124 (18-55 years old) healthy participants and 30 PWE undergoing presurgical monitoring for drug-resistant seizures completed these tasks.

Insular Cortex Modulation by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Concurrent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Preliminary Findings.

Background/objectives: The insula is a deep, functionally heterogeneous region involved in various pathological conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for neuromodulation, yet very few studies have directly investigated its effects on insular activity. Moreover, empirical evidence of target engagement of this region remains scarce.

Detection of focal impaired awareness seizures using a biometric shirt.

Objective: In recent years, seizure detection using wearable technology has gained significant attention in research. Most studies, however, have focused on detecting generalized or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a biometric shirt to detect focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) by monitoring respiratory, electrocardiography, and accelerometry signals.

Computational fluid-particle dynamics method in predicting the particle aspiration and deposition in the comprehensive monkey respiratory tract.

Background And Objectives: Extrapolating dose-response data from laboratory animals is a common approach for assessing human health risks associated with inhalation exposure to foreign toxic substances. Although monkey-based experiments represent a suitable alternative for human exposure studies, they are strictly restricted by animal protection and ethical barriers. Therefore, numerical efforts to elucidate particle transportation and deposition characteristics in the monkey airway are required.

In silico determination of the temporal viral loads in the saliva and exhaled droplets from the oral cavity.

Background And Objective: The public health crisis triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) highlights the importance of the in-depth understanding of viral replication and re-emission mechanisms during coughing.

Methods: In this study, we used a Host-cell dynamics (HCD) model to characterize the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of the oral cavity and optimized the fitting parameters based on clinical data to improve the viral load prediction accuracy. The Eulerian wall film model was integrated with the HCD model to quantify the viral load in the exhaled droplets during coughing.

Separating Subjective from Objective Food Value in the Human Insula: An Exploratory Study Using Intracranial EEG.

: The human insula is a key structure implicated in integrating internal states and external food cues, yet its precise role remains unclear, in part due to the temporal limitations of neuroimaging techniques like fMRI. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory study using an intracranial EEG (iEEG) to investigate how the insula encodes both the subjective and objective properties of food-related stimuli, and how this encoding is modulated by hunger and satiety. : Eight patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing a pre-surgical evaluation between 2017 and 2023 participated in this study.

Microelectrode Implantation in Human Insula: Technical Challenges and Recording Insights.

: Intracranial macroelectrode implantation is a pivotal clinical tool in the evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy, allowing further insights into the localization of the epileptogenic zone and the delineation of eloquent cortical regions through cortical stimulation. Additionally, it provides an avenue to study brain functions by analyzing cerebral responses during neuropsychological paradigms. By combining macroelectrodes with microelectrodes, which allow recording the activity of individual neurons or smaller neural clusters, recordings could provide deeper insights into neuronal microcircuits and the brain's transitions in epilepsy and contribute to a better understanding of neuropsychological functions.

High Dietary Cation and Anion Difference Enhanced Renal Response to an Acute Acid Load of Lactating Goat Fed Under Tropical Conditions.

High ambient temperature (HTa) in tropical conditions leads to evaporative heat dissipation by panting in lactating dairy goats. This panting causes respiratory hypocapnia, which increases the renal excretion of buffer molecules including sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. In response, renal acid excretion decreases to preserve acidity.

Theoretical Characterization of Bis(pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl) Rare-Earth Metallocenes.

We report ground states, equilibrium structures, and both electronic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of divalent rare-earth metallocenes Ln(Cp) as obtained from scalar and exact two-component (X2C) relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. While the results for metallocenes with Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tm, and Yb are consistent with a conventional (4f) configuration of the metal atom, metallocenes with Ln = La, Ce, Gd, and Lu are best described as having (4f)(5d) ground states. Strong configuration mixing is observed for Ln = Pr; for Ln = Ho and Er, two distinct states of (4f) and (4f)(5d) character are energetically close, and comparison with available experimental data slightly favors a (4f)(5d) ground-state assignment.

Thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion does not restore cerebral blood flow or electrical activity despite collateral supra-aortic blood flow in a porcine model.

Background: It is unknown whether ligation of supra-aortic vessels during thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP) can prevent postmortem brain function, ensuring the permanence of death. Our objective was to determine if ligation of the supra-aortic vessels during TA-NRP prevents resumption of intracranial blood flow, brain electrical activity and clinical brain function in a porcine model of organ donation after circulatory arrest.

Methods: Neuromonitoring was performed in 9 porcine experiments, in which supra-aortic vessels were ligated.

Novel analogous tasks to assess material-specific memory impairments associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Episodic memory tasks employing verbal material are generally sensitive to material-specific memory impairments in individuals with left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), whereas visuospatial memory tasks are less consistently failed by individuals with right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (RTLE). A limitation of these tasks is the possibility for the examinee to use verbalization strategies when tested with visuospatial stimuli, and visualization strategies with verbal material. In this study, we aimed to develop two new analogous computerized recognition tasks to identify material-specific memory impairments, adapted from those previously developed in our lab: one using verbal material (i.

Outcomes of CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: The outcomes of radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not as extensively assessed as those for idiopathic or classical TN cases.

Objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiosurgery for TN in MS patients and identify potential predictors of successful outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort study with patients treated between 2009 and 2022 was performed.

Contribution of the Brown Location Test to the pre-surgical neuropsychological assessment of temporal lobe epilepsy.

The nature of memory deficits in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) can depend on the side of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Although left mTLE has been consistently associated with impairments in verbal memory, the association between right mTLE and non-verbal memory is less clear, which may be attributable to methodological limitations of existing visuospatial memory tests (e.g.

Oral configuration-dependent variability of the metrics of exhaled respiratory droplets during a consecutive coughing event.

Background And Objective: Coughing events are eruptive sources of virus-laden droplets/droplet nuclei. These increase the risk of infection in susceptible individuals during airborne transmission. The oral cavity functions as an exit route for exhaled droplets.

-polarized M2-like tumor-associated macrophages accelerate colorectal cancer development via IL-8 secretion.

(), a periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in the impairment of anti-tumor responses in colorectal cancer (CRC). The tumor microenvironment in CRC involves tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are pivotal in modulating tumor-associated immune responses. The polarization of TAMs towards an M2-like phenotype promotes CRC progression by suppressing the immune system.

Dinitrogen reduction chemistry with scandium provides a complex with two side-on (N[double bond, length as m-dash]N) ligands bound to one metal: (CMe)Sc[(µ-η:η-N)Sc(CMe)].

Although there are few reduced dinitrogen complexes of scandium, this metal has revealed a new structural type in reductive dinitrogen chemistry by reduction of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) scandium halides under N. Reduction of (Cp* = CMe) with potassium graphite (KC) under dinitrogen generates the dark blue paramagnetic complex , 1. This end-on bridging (N[double bond, length as m-dash]N) complex is a diradical with a magnetic moment of 2.

Demographics of Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Who Undergo Nasal Surgery.

Objective: To assess the demographic characteristics between adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who did and did not undergo nasal surgery (NS).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Kaiser Permanente Northern California clinical database.

X-Linked Bilateral Polymicrogyria With Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability Associated With a Novel KIF4A Variant.

We studied three brothers and a maternal half-brother featuring global developmental delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, and strabismus. All had bilateral perisylvian and perirolandic polymicrogyria, while some also had malformations of the hippocampus (malrotation and dysplasia), cerebellum (heterotopias and asymmetric aplasia), corpus callosum dysgenesis, and brainstem asymmetric dysplasia. Exome sequencing showed that all four patients had a novel variant (c.

Niche-specification of aerobic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid biodegradation by -carrying bacteria in the rice paddy ecosystem.

This study aimed for a better understanding of the niche specification of bacteria carrying the -genes for aerobic 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degradation in the rice paddy ecosystem. To achieve this, a dedicated microcosm experiment was set up to mimic the rice paddy system, with and without 2,4-D addition, allowing spatial sampling of the different rice paddy compartments and niches, i.e.

Performance, impact and experiences of using wearable devices for seizure detection in community-based settings: a mixed methods systematic review.

Background: There is growing scientific evidence that wearable devices for seizure detection (WDD) perform well in controlled environments. However, their impact on the health and experience of patients with epilepsy (PWE) in community-based settings is less documented. We aimed to synthesize the scientific evidence about the performance of wearable devices used by PWE in community-based settings, and their impact on health outcomes and patient experience.

Detection of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures using a connected shirt.

Objective: This study was undertaken to develop and evaluate a machine learning-based algorithm for the detection of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) using a novel multimodal connected shirt.

Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with epilepsy admitted to our epilepsy monitoring unit and asked them to wear the connected shirt while under simultaneous video-electroencephalographic monitoring. Electrocardiographic (ECG) and accelerometric (ACC) signals recorded with the connected shirt were used for the development of the seizure detection algorithm.

Pain reflects the informational value of nociceptive inputs.

Pain perception and its modulation are fundamental to human learning and adaptive behavior. This study investigated the hypothesis that pain perception is tied to pain's learning function. Thirty-one participants performed a threat conditioning task where certain cues were associated with a possibility of receiving a painful electric shock.

Do we intervene less and slower in the epilepsy monitoring unit for psychogenic seizures?

Purpose: Individuals with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) can be stigmatized in healthcare settings. We aimed to compare intervention rate (IR), intervention time (IT), and adverse event (AE) rate between PNES and epileptic seizures (ES) in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU).

Methods: We used a prospective database of consecutive admissions to our centre's EMU between August 2021 and September 2022.

iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment.

Immersive virtual reality (iVR) employs head-mounted displays or cave-like environments to create a sensory-rich virtual experience that simulates the physical presence of a user in a digital space. The technology holds immense promise in neuroscience research and therapy. In particular, virtual reality (VR) technologies facilitate the development of diverse tasks and scenarios closely mirroring real-life situations to stimulate the brain within a controlled and secure setting.

Evaluation of Commercially Available Seizure Detection Wearables in Canada: Current Evidence.

Wearable-based seizure detection devices hold promise in reducing seizure-related adverse events and relieving the daily stress experienced by people with epilepsy. In this work, we present the latest evidence regarding the performance of three seizure detection wearables (eight studies) commercially available in Canada to provide guidance to clinicians. Overall, their ability to detect focal-to-bilateral and/or generalized tonic-clonic seizures ranges between 21.