Intergenerational Transmission of Valence Bias Is Moderated by Attachment.

There are individual differences in how people respond to emotionally ambiguous cues (i.e., valence bias), which have important consequences for mental health, development, and social functioning, yet how these differences develop in childhood and adolescence is unknown.

Resting-state functional network segregation of the default mode network predicts valence bias across the lifespan.

The brain is organized into intrinsically connected functional networks that can be reliably identified during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy aging is marked by decreased network segregation, which is linked to worse cognitive functioning, but aging-related changes in emotion are less well characterized. Valence bias, which represents the tendency to interpret emotionally ambiguous information as positive or negative, is more positive in older than younger adults and is associated with differences in task-based fMRI activation in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and a cingulo-opercular (CO) network.

Segregation of three resting-state brain networks predicts reappraisal success across the lifespan.

Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that involves the reinterpretation of stimuli to change one's emotional state, often to reduce negative affect. Emotion regulation functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks generally yield increased activation in prefrontal cortex and, less consistently, decreased amygdala activation. Only a few studies, however, have examined how intrinsic brain organization, characterized via resting-state fMRI, relates to reappraisal, typically focusing on the same task-derived brain regions.

An innovative carbonated beverage based with milk permeate and prebiotics.

Milk permeate is an underutilized dairy co-product with potential for innovative applications, such as in carbonated dairy beverages. Given that carbonation remains largely unexplored in dairy beverages, it may represent a strategic opportunity to expand the product portfolio in a highly competitive market. Furthermore, incorporating prebiotics can provide functional properties to the product, such as promoting gut health, while adding value to a co-product and aligning with consumer demand for health-promoting beverages.

Chronic Stress May Amplify Gender/Sex Differences in Amygdala Reactivity to Ambiguous Emotional Stimuli.

Heightened reactivity to ambiguous emotional stimuli, such as surprized faces, is a transdiagnostic psychopathology risk factor. Women show elevated amygdala activation to ambiguous emotional stimuli relative to men, which may underlie their significantly higher risk for mood disorders. Moreover, there are sex/gender differences in the effects of stress on both emotion processing and emotion regulation, with greater impact of stress on negative emotionality in females.