Detecting, Characterizing, and Mitigating Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases in Health Care Datasets With Subgroup Learnability: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

Background: The growing adoption of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms in health care has led to concerns about the perpetuation of algorithmic bias against disadvantaged groups of individuals. Deep learning methods to detect and mitigate bias have revolved around modifying models, optimization strategies, and threshold calibration with varying levels of success and tradeoffs. However, there have been limited substantive efforts to address bias at the level of the data used to generate algorithms in health care datasets.

Measuring State Cannabis Policy Design Variation for Research and Policy: A Bundles Approach.

For understanding how cannabis legalization in the American states has affected public health, it is important to consider how policies vary by state. This commentary presents a policy bundles approach to measuring state cannabis policy variation. Measured from 1994 to 2023, three bundles-pharmaceutical, permissive, and fiscal-capture 36 different characteristics of state medical and recreational cannabis laws.

A call to standardize the nomenclature of human fetal membrane at the feto-maternal interface.

Despite being one of the largest intrauterine tissues in surface area, the fetal membrane that lines the intrauterine cavity is often overlooked, forgotten, or misidentified in clinical and basic science research. The feto-maternal interface is comprised of the fetal membrane (fetal component) and decidua parietalis (maternal component), which lines the intrauterine cavity and provides essential mechanical, immune, hormonal, and transport support to maintain pregnancy. Fetal membrane plays an important role in triggering and regulating labor via complex signaling cascades.

Use of Cancer Screening Tests, United States, 2023.

Introduction: The objective of this analysis was to provide national estimates for use of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests, including for the recently expanded CRC screening age group (ages 45-75 y).

Methods: We used data from the 2023 National Health Interview Survey to estimate proportions of screening-eligible adults up to date with breast (women aged 50-74 y), cervical (women aged 21-65 y), and CRC screening (adults aged 45-75 y). We compared breast and CRC estimates age-standardized to the 2000 US standard population to Healthy People 2030 (HP2030) targets.

Multimodal profiling reveals tissue-directed signatures of human immune cells altered with age.

The immune system comprises multiple cell lineages and subsets maintained in tissues throughout the lifespan, with unknown effects of tissue and age on immune cell function. Here we comprehensively profiled RNA and surface protein expression of over 1.25 million immune cells from blood and lymphoid and mucosal tissues from 24 organ donors aged 20-75 years.