Thermal Tolerance in the Cellophane Bee Reflects Early Spring Adaptation and Is Independent of Body Size and Sex.

Say is a univoltine, ground-nesting solitary bee and one of the first pollinators to emerge in the North American springtime. Males emerge earlier and are smaller than females. Despite its role as a pollinator of early spring wild plants and crops, the thermal ecology of remains unexplored.

The replication rate of is temperature-mediated in ticks.

, the cause of bovine anaplasmosis, a serious production-limiting disease of cattle found worldwide, is biologically transmitted by adult male spp. ticks in the United States. We tested the impact of 9 temperatures on infected and found that the replication of in tick midguts and salivary glands is temperature dependent.

ticks are unable to transstadially transmit to horses.

Introduction: The recent discovery of , a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes mild clinical signs of equine piroplasmosis, has added complexity to the diagnosis of this reportable disease, which is prevalent among equids globally. Knowledge gaps regarding competent tick vectors that can transmit and the recent outbreak of in the US has prompted us to conduct this study. Our objective was to investigate whether can transstadially transmit to horses.

Infection with Babesia bovis alters metabolic rates of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks across life stages.

Background: Metabolic responses to infection differ based on arthropod and pathogen. Increased metabolic rates can result in faster depletion of energetic resources, and decreases may allow for energy conservation. Babesia bovis is a protozoan pathogen transmitted by the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus.

Bees remain heat tolerant after acute exposure to desiccation and starvation.

Organisms may simultaneously face thermal, desiccation and nutritional stress under climate change. Understanding the effects arising from the interactions among these stressors is relevant for predicting organisms' responses to climate change and for developing effective conservation strategies. Using both dynamic and static protocols, we assessed for the first time how sublethal desiccation exposure (at 16.