Mycobacterium kansasii arthritis of the elbow in an immunocompetent patient with a suspected soft-tissue tumor.

Mycobacterium kansasii is one of the major non-tuberculous mycobacteria species that typically cause pulmonary diseases. M. kansasii is known to cause septic arthritis as an extrapulmonary disease in immunosuppressed patients or chronic skin disease.

Rapid screening and early precautions for carbapenem-resistant carriers decreased nosocomial transmission in hospital settings: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Active surveillance has the potential to prevent nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant (CRAB). We assessed whether rapid diagnosis using clinical specimen-direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a rapid molecular diagnostic assay, and subsequent intervention, could reduce CRAB nosocomial transmission in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: A before and after (quasi-experimental) study was conducted in two ICUs at the Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital with 3 months of observational period followed by 9 months of interventional period.

Simultaneous and rapid detection method for measles and rubella using single-tube multiplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

Patients with measles or rubella infections manifest acute onset fever accompanying systemic exanthema, which are clinically difficult to be distinguish. Rapid diagnosis and differentiation of such epidemic viral diseases is essential to prevent outbreaks. We developed a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay for these indistinguishable viruses.

Association of Adverse Drug Events with Broad-spectrum Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized Patients: A Single-center Study.

Objective The importance of antimicrobial stewardship is increasingly highlighted in this age of antimicrobial resistance. A better comprehension of adverse drug events (ADEs) can promote the appropriate use of antibiotics. We aimed to quantify the incidence of ADEs associated with broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics in a hospital setting.

Clinical impact of extended blood culture examination: Too much of a good thing.

Blood culture is the most critical examination for diagnosing bacterial infections. The longer the blood culture incubation period, the higher the chances of identifying bacterial strains. However, unnecessary extension of the incubation period can burden the capacity of the instrument and merely result in the detection of contaminant bacteria having no clinical significance.

Effectiveness of Meropenem and Cefmetazole Combination Treatment Against KPC-2-Producing .

Optimal treatment regimens are yet to be established for carbapenemase-producing (CPE). We assessed the efficacy of meropenem (MEM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) combination treatment against -positive , in comparison with that of double-carbapenem therapy using ertapenem (ERT). We performed checkerboard assay for 10 -positive clinical isolates and BAA-1705 (possessing ), with synergistic effect being defined by a fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.

PCR-Dipstick-Oriented Surveillance and Characterization of - and Carbapenemase-Carrying in a Thai Hospital.

Colistin is used as an alternative therapeutic for carbapenemase-producing (CPE) infections which are spreading at a very high rate due to the transfer of carbapenemase genes through mobile genetic elements. Due to the emergence of , the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, -positive (MCRPEn) pose a high risk for the transfer of -carrying plasmid to CPE, leading to a situation with no treatment alternatives for infections caused by possessing both and carbapenemase genes. Here, we report the application of PCR-dipstick-oriented surveillance strategy to control MCRPEn and CPE by conducting the PCR-dipstick technique for the detection of MCRPEn and CPE in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand and comparing its efficacy with conventional surveillance method.

A fatal case of Exophiala dermatitidis disseminated infection in an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient during micafungin therapy.

Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus that is increasingly becoming the cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. However, the risk factors and optimal treatment modality for E. dermatitidis infection are unknown to date.

Association between rapid antigen detection tests and antibiotics for acute pharyngitis in Japan: A retrospective observational study.

The application and clinical impact of rapid antigen detection test (RADT) in the treatment of acute pharyngitis is unknown in Japan. We aimed to examine the proportions of RADT usage to identify Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) in outpatients with acute pharyngitis and evaluate the association between RADT and antibiotic treatment. We analyzed health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2015.

Emergence of daptomycin non-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci in patients with cardiovascular device infections: Two cases report investigated by whole genome analysis.

Rationale: Daptomycin (DAP) is a key drug for treating severe Staphylococcus infections. The emergence of DAP non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus has been widely recognized in clinical situations, although the clinical status of DAP non-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) infections is unclear. We encountered 2 cases of cardiovascular device infections that were associated with DAP non-susceptible CoNS.

Spreading Patterns of NDM-Producing in Clinical and Environmental Settings in Yangon, Myanmar.

The spread of carbapenemase-producing (CPE), contributing to widespread carbapenem resistance, has become a global concern. However, the specific dissemination patterns of carbapenemase genes have not been intensively investigated in developing countries, including Myanmar, where NDM-type carbapenemases are spreading in clinical settings. In the present study, we phenotypically and genetically characterized 91 CPE isolates obtained from clinical ( = 77) and environmental ( = 14) samples in Yangon, Myanmar.

Antibiotic-associated adverse drug events at a Japanese academic hospital.

Introduction: To promote antimicrobial stewardship activity, an understanding of the incidence of antibiotic-associated adverse drug events (ADEs) is essential. In this study, we aimed to describe the occurrence of antibiotic-associated ADEs at our hospital.

Methods: We retrospectively searched the ADE registration system in Osaka University Hospital between 2010 and 2017.

bacteremia in a neutropenic child: A case report and literature review.

species is rarely found to be pathogenic to humans and there are few clinical cases that have been described in the literature. We report a case of bacteremia that involved a 9-year-old Japanese boy who was in a condition of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Conventional phenotyping failed to identify the organism; however, genetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed the pathogen to be .

Reduced Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus Among Japanese Healthcare Workers as a Risk Factor for Occupational Infection.

Background: With the improvement in sanitation and hygiene, the incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has declined, and its seroprevalence among Japanese people has been reduced. Universal HAV vaccination is yet to be implemented in Japan, and the healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risks of acquiring this infection. We herein report the seroepidemiology of HAV infection among HCWs at Osaka University Hospital.

Trends in Polypharmacy in Japan: A Nationwide Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To describe and examine trends in polypharmacy according to age in Japan from 2010 to 2016.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Outpatient settings.