MiRNA Regulations in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Oncologic Therapies and Possible Immune Response.

Anti-cancer therapy offers significant risks for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, thromboembolic ischaemia, arrhythmias, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and high cholesterol. Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause of elevated mortality rates among cancer patients, and anti-cancer drugs often contribute to this issue. Emerging research highlights the role of microRNA (miRNAs) in regulating drug-induced cardiotoxicity by influencing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational processes.

Evaluation of Anti-cancer Potential of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra).

Introduction: Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) from the Malvaceae family is widely used in culinary applications and is reported to have many potential therapeutic effects attributed to the compounds isolated from it. In this work, we set out to explore its seed proteome for the isolation of lectins and characterize them Method: A protein of about 21kDa was isolated and purified using chromatography techniques from the ammonium sulphate crude protein extract. It was evaluated for hemagglutination activity on rabbit erythrocyte suspension, trypsin inhibitory activity using chemical assay, and evaluation of anti-cancer activity using cell lines.

Advancing vaccine-based immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) originate from glial cells and are characterized by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgical resection, complete elimination remains challenging, often leading to recurrence that is resistant to standard therapies. Immunotherapy and conventional treatments show promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes across various cancers.

Non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: Unlocking precision biomarkers for early detection.

Anti-cancer therapy poses significant risks for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, thromboembolic ischemia, arrhythmias, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and high cholesterol. Cardiotoxicity is a leading cause of increased mortality among cancer patients, with many anti-cancer drugs contributing to this issue. Emerging research highlights the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating drug-induced cardiotoxicity by influencing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational processes.

NLRP3 inflammasome: structure, mechanism, drug-induced organ toxicity, therapeutic strategies, and future perspectives.

Drug-induced toxicity is an important issue in clinical medicine, which typically results in organ dysfunction and adverse health consequences. The family of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) includes intracellular proteins involved in recognizing pathogens and triggering innate immune responses, including the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome is a critical component for both innate and adaptive immune responses and has been implicated in various drug-induced toxicities, including hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases.

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Breast Cancer and Their Impact on Dietary Intake.

Addressing the consequences of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) demands thorough research and elucidation of the mechanism by which EDCs negatively impact women and lead to breast cancer (BC). Endocrine disruptors can affect major pathways through various means, including histone modifications, the erroneous expression of microRNA (miRNA), DNA methylation, and epigenetic modifications. However, it is still uncertain if the epigenetic modifications triggered by EDCs can help predict negative outcomes.

Remodeling of tumour microenvironment: strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and innovate immunoengineering in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands as the most complex and daunting subtype of breast cancer affecting women globally. Regrettably, treatment options for TNBC remain limited due to its clinical complexity. However, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue, showing success in developing effective therapies for advanced cases and improving patient outcomes.

Distinctive roles of aquaporins and novel therapeutic opportunities against cancer.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for facilitating the transmembrane transport of water and small solutes. Their involvement in diverse physiological functions extends to pathological conditions, including cancer, positioning them as promising targets for anticancer therapy. Tumor cells, particularly those with high metastatic potential, exhibit elevated AQP expression, reinforcing their critical role in tumor biology.

Indian perspective on childhood malnutrition: Prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention.

Background: Childhood malnutrition contributes over half of the childhood mortality around the world, predominantly in South-Asian and sub-Saharan countries.

Aim: To summarize the childhood malnutrition epidemiology along with the comorbid factors associated with it and its management within the community.

Methods: The data collection process involved conducting a comprehensive search using specific keywords such as child nutrition disorders and India with Boolean operators.

Natural product-based treatment potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.

A Machine Learning Approach to Identify C Type Lectin Domain (CTLD) Containing Proteins.

Lectins are sugar interacting proteins which bind specific glycans reversibly and have ubiquitous presence in all forms of life. They have diverse biological functions such as cell signaling, molecular recognition, etc. C-type lectins (CTL) are a group of proteins from the lectin family which have been studied extensively in animals and are reported to be involved in immune functions, carcinogenesis, cell signaling, etc.

Systematic computational strategies for identifying protein targets and lead discovery.

Computational algorithms and tools have retrenched the drug discovery and development timeline. The applicability of computational approaches has gained immense relevance owing to the dramatic surge in the structural information of biomacromolecules and their heteromolecular complexes. Computational methods are now extensively used in identifying new protein targets, druggability assessment, pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, the virtual screening of lead molecules, bioactivity prediction, molecular dynamics of protein-ligand complexes, affinity prediction, and for designing better ligands.

Emerging roles of microRNAs as diagnostics and potential therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization. Uncontrolled high sugar levels lead to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which affects several metabolic pathways by its receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and causes diabetic complication. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules which regulate genes linked to diabetes and affect AGEs pathogenesis, and target tissues, influencing health and disease processes.

Comparative analysis of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine and inflammatory markers in diabetic and non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide, and India contributes to about one-fifth of total CAD deaths. The development of CAD has been linked to the accumulation of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in heart muscle, which correlates with fibrosis.

Aim: To assess the impact of CML and inflammatory markers on the biochemical and cardiovascular characteristics of CAD patients with and without diabetes.

Evaluation of Micronutrients and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Nutritionally Deprived Children-A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study.

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a significant public health problem in developing countries, including India, where a significant proportion of children suffer from malnutrition.

Objective: This research aims to investigate the factors contributing to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Additionally, the study seeks to explore the relationship between micronutrient levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in SAM children with and without clinical complications.

Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and CircRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Based on recent research, the non-coding genome is essential for controlling genes and genetic programming during development, as well as for health and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs (long ncRNAs), and circRNAs (circular RNAs) with significant regulatory and structural roles make up approximately 99% of the human genome, which does not contain proteins. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been discovered to be essential novel regulators of cardiovascular risk factors and cellular processes, making them significant prospects for advanced diagnostics and prognosis evaluation.

Recent Clinical Advances on Long Non-Coding RNAs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a more aggressive type of breast cancer due to its heterogeneity and complex molecular mechanisms. TNBC has a high risk for metastasis, and it is difficult to manage clinical conditions of the patients. Various investigations are being conducted to overcome these challenges using RNA, DNA, and proteins for early diagnosis and treatment.

A Clinical Update on SARS-CoV-2: Pathology and Development of Potential Inhibitors.

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) is highly infectious and causes severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARD), immune suppression, and multi-organ failure. For SARS-CoV-2, only supportive treatment options are available, such as oxygen supportive therapy, ventilator support, antibiotics for secondary infections, mineral and fluid treatment, and a significant subset of repurposed effective drugs. Viral targeted inhibitors are the most suitable molecules, such as ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2) and RBD (receptor-binding domain) protein-based inhibitors, inhibitors of host proteases, inhibitors of viral proteases 3CLpro (3C-like proteinase) and PLpro (papain-like protease), inhibitors of replicative enzymes, inhibitors of viral attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine proteinase 2), inhibitors of HR1 (Heptad Repeat 1)-HR2 (Heptad Repeat 2) interaction at the S2 protein of the coronavirus, etc.

Clinical updates on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER2-positive breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is caused by epigenetic modifications and genetic heterogeneity and exhibits various histological feature. HER2+ (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a more aggressive type of breast cancer, diagnosis and prognosis are difficult for HER2+ BC. Anti-HER2+ inhibitors have been effectively used for patient treatment.

Development of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Antidiabetic Drug Development.

Dementia is reported to be common in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes contributes to common molecular mechanisms and an underlying pathology with dementia. Brain cells becoming resistant to insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels, impaired synaptic plasticity, microglial overactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, nutrient deprivation, TAU (Tubulin-Associated Unit) phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction.

Antimicrobial Studies on Garlic Lectin.

Allium sativum agglutinin (ASA) is an important lectin isolated from garlic bulbs and has shown promising therapeutic potential in earlier reports. It has a bulb-type lectin domain, and members of this protein family have been investigated for anti-cancer, antimicrobial and other effects. In our earlier study, we have reported ASA as an anti-cancer agent, and in the present study, we have evaluated it for its antifungal and antimicrobial effects.

Corrigendum: SARS-CoV-2: Emergence of New Variants and Effectiveness of Vaccines.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.

Role of metabolizing MTHFR gene polymorphism (rs1801133) and its mRNA expression among Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 Diabetes is a glucose metabolic disorder occurred by insulin insensitivity in which folate metabolism plays an important role. it is believed that polymorphism of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, results are conflicted.

Investigations on the Biological Activity of Agglutinin (ASA) Isolated from Garlic.

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum) from the family Amaryllidaceae is widely used in culinary and is reported to have potential anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective activities. Allium sativum agglutinin (ASA) is a bulb-type lectin (BTL) domaincontaining lectin isolated from garlic and has been studied for its various biological functions. Previous studies have reported the anti-cancer effects of ASA on histiocytic lymphoma (U937), promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), and oral cancer (KB).

Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches.

The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein.