Diagnosis (by p-RIFLE and KDIGO) and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study.

Background: There are two criteria to diagnose and stage acute kidney injury (AKI) in children: pediatric-Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss (p-RIFLE) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). This study aims to find out the extent of agreement in diagnosis (by p-RIFLE and KDIGO) and risk factors of AKI in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving children aged ≤15 years with DKA was conducted between January 2014 and December 2022.

One Milligram Versus Two Milligram Intramuscular Vitamin K to Prevent Late-Onset Hemorrhagic Disease in Young Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a standard dose (1 mg) with 2 mg vitamin K administered by intramuscular (IM) route in reducing subclinical late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) assessed using serum protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA II) levels.

Methods: This was an open-labeled randomized controlled trial that enrolled healthy term neonates delivered vaginally. Neonates delivered to mothers receiving antiepileptics, anti-tuberculous drugs, or warfarin, and those with a family history of bleeding disorder were excluded.

Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which results in obesity-related comorbidities. This study compared the inflammatory markers between obese and normal children and assessed obesity-related comorbidities.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 40 obese children between 5-18 years of age were recruited as cases, and an equal number of age and gender-matched normal children as the control.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Nasal Prong Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Children With Moderate to Severe Acute Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal prong bubble continuous positive airway pressure (b-CPAP) in children with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis.

Design: A randomized controlled trial was carried out from August 2019 to February 2022. (Clinical Trials Registry of India number CTRI/2019/07/020402).

Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: To detect early atherosclerosis changes using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6), and endothelial markers (sICAM and sVCAM).

Methods: The authors recruited 4 to 18-y-old children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and age- and sex-matched normal children, excluding those with familial hypercholesterolemia, syndromic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. CIMT and FMD were measured in both the groups.

A rare cause of stroke in young children: minor head trauma associated with mineralising lenticulostriate angiopathy in three patients.

Acute basal ganglia infarct following minor head trauma in association with mineralisation of lenticulostriate arteries is an increasingly recognised entity in childhood stroke. Three cases with a classical history and phenotypical features of mineralising angiopathy are described. Case 1 was a 2-year-old girl who presented with acute onset hemiparesis with a same-side upper motor neuron (UMN)-type facial palsy following minor head trauma.

Visceral Toxocariasis Presenting as Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

An 8-year-old boy presented with intermittent fever, abdominal pain and joint pain for 1 month. On examination, he had pallor, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and arthritis. Investigations revealed anemia, leucocytosis, hypereosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia, with an elevation of inflammatory markers.

Raised blood glucose due to heterozygous glucokinase gene mutation (GCK-MODY) diagnosed for the first time in pregnancy: The dilemmas and successful management - Case report and review of literature.

Glucokinase mutation (GCK-MODY) is frequently misdiagnosed as either type I or type II diabetes mellitus, especially if presented for the first time during pregnancy. Generally GCK-MODY affects 1-2% of individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes. The defect in the glucose sensing mechanism in GCK-MODY results in a higher set point for maintenance of glucose homeostasis.

Efficacy and Safety of Combined Oral Chelation with Deferiprone and Deferasirox on Iron Overload in Transfusion Dependent Children with Thalassemia - A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of dual oral iron chelation therapy (deferiprone and deferasirox) in decreasing iron overload status, using serum ferritin and liver and cardiac MRI as indicators, in transfusion dependent thalassemic children.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year. Children with thalassemia between 2 and 18 y of age with serum ferritin above 1500 ng/ml were started on oral deferiprone and deferasirox.

Scrub typhus in children at a tertiary hospital in southern India: clinical profile and complications.

Objective: To study the clinical profile of and complications in children with scrub typhus.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism masquerading as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

A 15-day- old male infant presented with features suggestive of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). But on detailed investigation, he had normal 17-OH Progesterone and high aldosterone levels. Infant also had right sided hydronephrosis and associated urinary tract infection.