Kin-Directed Altruism and Male Androphilia in Thailand: Investigating the Roles of Femininity and Neuroticism.

The kin selection hypothesis (KSH) proposes that same-sex attracted individuals offset their lowered direct reproduction via kin-directed altruism that increases close genetic relatives' reproduction, thereby enhancing inclusive fitness. Retrospective research found that childhood concerns for kin's well-being are elevated among birth-assigned males who are androphilic (i.e.

Cooperative behavior: Superefficient weaver ants.

Teamwork has long faced a dilemma: as team members are added, the effectiveness of each individual decreases - a phenomenon known as 'Ringelmann's effect'. A new study shows that weaver ants in pulling chains overcome Ringelmann's effect, a result that may inspire new ways to coordinate teams.

Context-dependent contribution of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) to neutrophil extracellular trap formation and liver injury in acute and chronic hepatotoxicant challenge.

Neutrophils play a complex role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and have been linked to both liver damage and injury resolution. Recent reports propose that neutrophils drive liver injury and fibrosis through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study tests the hypothesis that the enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) drives NET formation and liver fibrosis in experimental chronic liver injury.

SPACE: STRING proteins as complementary embeddings.

Motivation: Representation learning has revolutionized sequence-based prediction of protein function and subcellular localization. Protein networks are an important source of information complementary to sequences, but the use of protein networks has proven to be challenging in the context of machine learning, especially in a cross-species setting.

Results: We leveraged the STRING database of protein networks and orthology relations for 1,322 eukaryotes to generate network-based cross-species protein embeddings.

Immunoelectron microscopy: a comprehensive guide from sample preparation to high-resolution imaging.

Immunoelectron Microscopy (IEM) is a technique that combines specific immunolabeling with high-resolution electron microscopic imaging to achieve precise spatial localization of biomolecules at the subcellular scale (< 10 nm) by using high-electron-density markers such as colloidal gold and quantum dots. As a core tool for analyzing the distribution of proteins, organelle interactions, and localization of disease pathology markers, it has irreplaceable value, especially in synapse research, pathogen-host interaction mechanism, and tumor microenvironment analysis. According to the differences in labeling sequence and sample processing, the IEM technology system can be divided into two categories: the first is pre-embedding labeling, which optimizes the labeling efficiency through the pre-exposure of antigenic epitopes and is especially suitable for the detection of low-abundance and sensitive antigens; the second is post-embedding labeling, which relies on the low-temperature resin embedding (e.