Retinal Layer Thickness and Volume Measurements in Traumatic Brain Injury.

To assess retinal layer thickness and volume by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with prior traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adults (≥18 years) with prior TBI were prospectively recruited. 512 × 128-mm macular cube scans were obtained using Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 OCT.

Choroidal Vascularity Index as a marker of health and disease: Systematic review and meta-Analyses.

The Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI), derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT), has emerged as a potential biomarker for detecting vascular changes. Understanding its variability across physiological states, ocular conditions, and systemic diseases is crucial for its integration into clinical practice. We evaluated variations in CVI across different physiological states (e.

Infection to hypertension: a review of post-COVID-19 new-onset hypertension prevalence and potential underlying mechanisms.

Post-COVID new-onset hypertension (PCNH) is an increasingly reported complication among COVID-19 survivors. PCNH can emerge up to 12 months postinfection, with elevated risks observed among older patients, particularly those who experienced severe COVID-19, and among females, implicating the possibility of age and hormonal influence. Leading theories converge on enduring dysregulation of the angiotensin pathway and endothelial dysfunction.

Considerations and surgical approach to vitreous, retinal, and chorioretinal biopsy.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the literature regarding vitreous and chorioretinal biopsy, with a focus on surgical techniques and methods to optimize diagnostic yield for the collected samples.

Recent Findings: Various novel options for analyzing vitreous samples are being explored such as cell-free DNA analysis, single parameter flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry. These methods show promise in diagnosing primary intraocular lymphoma.

Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments for Diabetic Macular Edema: Simulated Bevacizumab-First Step Therapy Versus Real-World Practice.

To compare the incremental cost-effectiveness of a clinical trial-simulated step-therapy versus real-world treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME). A theoretical Markov model (follow-up of 2 years and lifetime of 17 years) from the 2025 US societal perspective was used to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness between bevacizumab-first (Protocol AC) and real-world regimens from the Vestrum Health database. The modeling used mean characteristics from a reference case and analyzed low- and high-cost scenarios, total societal costs from formal and informal healthcare and non-healthcare sectors, and differences in utility (visual acuity outcomes) between arms.