Unravelling the significance of fibrotic cancer stroma: A key player in the tumour microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer and a leading cause of malignancy in India and the Asian subcontinent. Conventionally, histopathologic grading of tumor has focused primarily on tumor characteristics. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) also plays a crucial role in the invasion and metastasis of many cancers, including Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

FNAC Diagnosis of Rare Port-Site Metastasis in Gallbladder Cancer Post-Cholecystectomy.

Background: Port-site metastasis (PSM) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare occurrence. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a simple and time-saving technique, thus it has proven useful in diagnosing such metastases.

Case Report: We present a case of a 45-year-old female who developed painful, multinodular epigastric swellings 2 years post-LC, initially performed for presumed benign cholelithiasis.

Exploring immune checkpoint inhibitors: Focus on PD-1/PD-L1 axis and beyond.

Immunotherapy emerges as a promising approach, marked by recent substantial progress in elucidating how the host immune response impacts tumor development and its sensitivity to various treatments. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy by unleashing the power of the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Among these, inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable clinical efficacy across various malignancies.

Axillary intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma, a rare tumour at an unusual site, with literature review.

Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) arising in the axilla is an extremely rare, benign mesenchymal tumour. It is believed to originate from myofibroblast or smooth muscle cells and exhibits specific histopathological features. While there have been occasional cases of recurrence, no malignant transformation has been observed.