Cortisol and heart rate response of mares during the in-hand breeding procedure with and without restraint.

Background: In-hand breeding involving restraint methods is likely the most common practice in the horse breeding industry worldwide. However, welfare issues that arise from such management have not been investigated in detail.

Objectives: (1) To investigate whether the mares show increased stress responses during in-hand breeding using (a) a lip twitch and (b) hobbles.

Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in second-line treatment of children living with HIV in the CHAPAS-4 trial.

Objective: Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) remains a much-used drug combination for treatment of children with HIV, but pharmacokinetic data when the adult formulation (LPV/r 200/50 mg) is used for children weighing 25-34.9 kg, or when combined with tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC), is currently lacking.

Design: We aim to provide this data by an intensive LPV/r pharmacokinetic sub-study nested within the CHAPAS-4 trial (#ISRCTN22964075).

Extracellular Vesicle Mitochondrial DNA Reflects Podocyte Mitochondrial Stress and Is Associated with Relapse in Nephrotic Syndrome.

Idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome is a common glomerulopathy comprising proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Podocyte dysfunction is central to this disease process. Extracellular vesicles are released from stressed cells and can represent a molecular snapshot of the parent cell of origin.

Podocyte extracellular vesicles and immune mediators as urinary biomarkers in active lupus nephritis.

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) and immune mediators have emerged as potential minimally invasive renal biomarkers. Even though active lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with immune complex deposition, tissue inflammation, and podocyte damage, it remains unclear how these parameters are simultaneously altered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, we aimed to evaluate uEVs as biomarkers in LN, in association with urinary immune mediators.

A high-resolution data set of fatty acid-binding protein structures. I. Dynamics of FABP4 and ligand binding.

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are involved in the uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids for metabolic and gene-regulatory purposes. FABPs are known to associate with membranes and also enter the nucleus. Using NMR and a human FABP4 (hFABP4) preparation completely free of endogenous ligands, we studied the influence of fatty acids and inhibitors on the conformational flexibility and bicelle/membrane association of this isoform.