Estimating waiting distances between genealogy changes under a Multi-Species Extension of the Sequentially Markov Coalescent.

Genomes are composed of a mosaic of segments inherited from different ancestors, each separated by past recombination events. Consequently, genealogical relationships among multiple genomes vary spatially across different genomic regions. Genealogical variation among unlinked (uncorrelated) genomic regions is well described for either a single population (coalescent) or multiple structured populations (multispecies coalescent).

Synchronous Primary Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Trends in Management and Factors Associated with Improved Survival.

Background: Outcomes after multi-modality curative-intent treatment for patients with synchronous primary early-stage-I non-small cell lung cancer (SPELC) are inadequately understood.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the Veterans Health Administration database of patients diagnosed with two stage I SPELC who received treatment with either stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and/or surgery from 2006-2024. We evaluated utilization of SBRT and surgery as well factors associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) via Cox proportional hazard models.

Case report of chest wall reconstruction using biological matrix following resection of a sternal desmoid tumor diagnosed in pregnancy.

Desmoid tumors of the chest wall are rare and pose specific challenges in diagnosis, resection and reconstruction. While not known to have potential for metastasis, they have a high risk of recurrence following resection, even with negative margins. Adequate resection has the potential to leave large thoracic defects, the reconstruction of which are technically challenging and often require a multi-disciplinary surgical skill set.

Adherence to Post-Operative Survivorship Quality Metrics in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Prior studies assessing quality of care among patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have largely focused on pre- and peri-operative process-based quality measures. We sought to address this knowledge gap by studying the association between post-operative (i.e.

Structural basis of MPL activation by thrombopoietin.

Myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL), also known as thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, is a class I cytokine receptor that is expressed on hematopoietic progenitors, promoting growth and differentiation toward the megakaryocyte lineage and is critical for normal platelet production. Mutations in MPL, TPO, or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) have been implicated in multiple diseases from congenital thrombocytopenias to myeloproliferative neoplasms. The ligand for MPL, TPO, stimulates platelet production by inducing MPL dimerization and results in an active conformation that allows downstream JAK2/STAT5 signaling.