A possible role for food-based citrus bioactive compounds in bridging the gap between prevalence of diabetes and the effectiveness of current treatments.

The conventional "one-size-fits-all" approach to treating and managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has proven challenging. T2DM is a complex, heterogeneous disease and frequently coexists with other conditions like hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia, further complicating treatment decisions and outcomes. While advances in diabetes medications have been made, traditional treatment algorithms often focus on broad glycemic targets, neglecting the diverse needs of patients with different risk profiles associated with ethnicity, comorbidities, and preferences.

Synchronized seasonal excretion of multiple coronaviruses coincides with high rates of coinfection in immature bats.

Bats host a high diversity of coronaviruses, including betacoronaviruses that have caused outbreaks and pandemics in humans and other species. Here, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics of co-circulating coronaviruses in Pteropus spp bats (flying foxes) in eastern Australia over a three-year period across five roost sites (n = 2537 fecal samples). In total, we identify six betacoronavirus clades, all within the nobecovirus subgenus.

Diet composition affects bat viral shedding with potential consequences for pathogen spillover.

Changes in the quality and quantity of food consumed can affect the health of hosts, their ability to control infections and potentially shape the likelihood of pathogen spillover. Dietary shifts have been proposed as one of the factors driving spillovers of zoonotic viruses from bats to humans. In this study, we examined how diet composition alters the immune response to viral shedding and the risk of spillover by developing a mechanistic model fitted to experimental data of Jamaican fruit bats infected with influenza A virus H18N11 and fed different diets.

Borrelia Lineages Adjacent to Zoonotic Clades in Black Flying Foxes (Pteropus alecto), Australia, 2018-2020.

We explored the role of black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto) in Australia as reservoirs of Borrelia bacteria. We found bats infected with 2 Borrelia haplotypes phylogenetically distinct from Lyme or relapsing fever clades. Efforts to sample black flying foxes and their ectoparasites are needed to evaluate zoonotic potential of those Borrelia lineages.

Quantitative Electroencephalographic Measures of Voltage Amplitude and Dominant Frequency Associated With the Stroop Color-Conflict Cognitive-Interference Task in Medical Students.

Background Cognitive load theory postulates that effective learning depends on balancing a learner's cognitive capacity with cognitive load. Medical students are required to answer complex multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that involve complex vignettes and distractors, in 90 s per question. This demands the ability to rapidly process information, filter out irrelevant data, and suppress incorrect yet tempting answer choices.