Assocation Between a Brain Care Score Derived from Participant Responses and Incident Stroke from the COSMOS Study.

Objective: The Brain Care Score (BCS), previously validated to predict the risk of age-related brain diseases, incorporates 12 modifiable risk factors, including blood pressure and laboratory measurements. In the U.S.

Extracranial-intracranial bypass for symptomatic intracranial arterial occlusion: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions face a high risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke despite best medical therapy. Previous trials of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery showed no benefit for stroke prevention in this population, but they may have been underpowered. This study evaluates the efficacy of EC-IC bypass surgery in reducing the risk of the composite outcome of stroke or death within 30 days or ipsilateral ischaemic stroke beyond 30 days through 2 years.

Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Markers on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Predictors of Recurrent Vascular Events and Death in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cerebral small-vessel disease encompasses a spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging features reflecting microvascular pathology in ischemic stroke. Among these, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are the most widely studied. While both are well established as risk factors for cognitive decline in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), their prognostic value for vascular events and death after AIS remains unclear.

Hypoperfusion intensity ratio is associated with follow-up infarct volume in medium vessel occlusions: A multicenter multinational study.

Medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) contributes significantly to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), reflecting collateral circulation via the ratio of Tmax >10s to Tmax >6s volumes, predicts infarct progression in large-vessel occlusions but is unstudied in MeVOs. In this multicenter, multinational retrospective study, we evaluated consecutive patients with MeVO who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with or without intravenous thrombolysis.

Phase I trial of ADP-A2AFP TCR T-cell therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular or gastric hepatoid carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally experience poor outcomes despite current therapies; alternative treatments are needed. ADP-A2AFP is an investigational autologous T-cell therapy with an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR) targeting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Methods: We describe a phase I, open-label, first-in-human clinical trial of ADP-A2AFP (NCT03132792) in human leukocyte antigen-eligible participants with AFP-expressing HCC (or other tumor) not amenable to transplant/resection that progressed on, were intolerant to, or refused prior systemic therapy.

Evaluation of sarcopenia and myosteatosis to determine the impact on mortality after emergency laparotomy.

Background: Emergency laparotomy is performed for a wide range of life-threatening conditions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Risk prediction models facilitate accurate communication of operative risk with patients and relatives, in addition to benchmarking unit outcomes. Greater understanding of the impact of sarcopenia or myosteatosis will encourage the adoption of routine radiological reporting of body composition and the incorporation of skeletal muscle gauge (SMG) into risk prediction models.

Baseline predictors of poor clinical outcome despite recanalization of distal middle cerebral artery occlusions.

ObjectiveMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is well-established for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from large vessel occlusion (LVO), with growing data supporting the expansion to distal and medium vessel occlusions (DMVO). Despite successful recanalization in DMVO, certain patients still experience poor long-term clinical outcomes, prompting our study to comprehensively explore pre-MT factors influencing outcome despite excellent recanalization (final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] score ≥2c).MethodsWe retrospectively examined data from patients who consecutively underwent MT for a primary middle cerebral artery (MCA) DMVO across 37 centers in North America, Asia, and Europe.

Olfactory Impairment and Incident Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Olfactory impairment (OI) is associated with poor ageing outcomes. While cross-sectional studies found a high prevalence of OI among patients with neurodegenerative diseases, the temporal relationship remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the longitudinal association of OI with cognitive decline (CD).

Chronic rhinosinusitis and cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent clinical studies have alluded to an association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and cognition, possibly mediated by local and systemic neuroinflammation. This meta-analysis seeks to clarify the association of CRS diagnosis or treatment with cognitive function and dementia.

Methodology: Two blinded reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies comparing cognitive function (global/domain-specific) or dementia in patients with/without CRS or pre/post-CRS treatment.

Petechial hemorrhage in mechanical thrombectomy for distal and medium-vessel occlusions: technical considerations and outcomes.

Objective: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is well established for large-vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes, but its safety in distal and medium-vessel occlusions (DMVOs) requires further investigation. This study analyzed the relationship between procedural approaches, petechial hemorrhage (PetH), and clinical outcomes in DMVO thrombectomy, with particular attention to technical considerations and the complex interplay between tissue injury and hemorrhagic complications.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on DMVO stroke patients treated with MT at 37 stroke centers worldwide from 2016 to 2024.

Impact of coronary revascularization on clinical outcomes of postacute myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular thrombus.

Background: The incidence of left ventricular thrombus (LVT), a significant complication postacute myocardial infarction (AMI), has seen a decline in the percutaneous coronary intervention era. Patients may not undergo coronary revascularization due to medical contraindications or patient preference.

Objectives: This study compared post-AMI LVT patients treated with or without revascularization.

The Heart-Brain Axis: Key Concepts in Neurocardiology.

The heart-brain axis involves complex interactions between the cardiovascular and nervous systems via a network of cortical and subcortical structures working with the autonomic nervous system and intracardiac nervous system. Heart-brain interactions may be divided into 2 broad categories: cardiac effects of neurological disease and neurological effects of cardiac disease. The pathogenesis of neurogenic cardiac effects is thought to involve a neurogenic cascade where sudden shifts in autonomic balance lead to an exaggerated catecholamine release.

Associations Between Trust in Healthcare Professionals and Perceptions of Modifiability of Dementia and Stroke Risks Through Maintaining or Changing Lifestyle Habits.

PurposeTo investigate the trust levels in health information sources from a United States (U.S.) sample, and to examine the relationships between trust in healthcare professionals (HCPs) and perceptions of modifiability of dementia and stroke risks through maintaining or changing lifestyle habits.

Botulinum Toxin Injection in Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCPD) is defined by the inability to burp, sometimes with gurgling, chest/abdominal discomfort, and excessive flatulence. Treatment involves cricopharyngeal Botulinum Toxin-A (BonT-A) injection. However, the optimal dose and route are unclear.

The Brain Care Score and its associations with cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Background: The Brain Care Score (BCS) was developed in partnership with patients and practitioners to convey actionable knowledge to individuals everywhere that can motivate change in health-related behaviors and thereby reduce the risk of dementia, stroke, and late-life depression (LLD). Because diseases outside the brain share modifiable risk factors with dementia, stroke, and LLD, we investigated the associations of the BCS with other common age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.

Methods: Among all UK Biobank (UKB) participants with complete BCS data, we performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses between the BCS at baseline and incident CVD (ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and the three most common cancer types (lung, colorectal, and breast cancer), adjusted for sex and stratified by age.

Prevalence and patterns of complementary and alternative medicine usage among adults with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among individuals with underlying chronic illnesses.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the global prevalence and patterns of CAM use among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Search Strategy: PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus were searched from inception until 26th February 2024.

A multicenter, propensity score-matched analysis of functional outcomes and recanalization success with or without Trevo for Medium and distal vessel occlusion.

BackgroundEndovascular therapy (EVT) for stroke due to distal or medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) is safe. Due to the distinct anatomical characteristics of DMVOs, further evaluation of EVT is crucial to determine which devices may yield better outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of adults with DMVO treated in 37 centers (11 countries) was queried.

Impact of surgical intervention on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and body-mass index: a scoping review.

Background: Upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) offers an alternative to CPAP, but its impact on weight changes is poorly studied.

Purpose: To systematically review published literature on the relationship between surgical intervention for OSA and changes in body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A literature search was conducted from 2013-2024 in five databases.

Atypical Presentation of an Duplication Involving the Silencer Region: Beyond Classical Autosomal-Dominant Leukodystrophy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical, genetic, and radiologic presentation of a patient with gene duplication, including the duplication of the silencer region.

Methods: A patient who presented with muscle stiffness and constipation underwent comprehensive clinical and imaging evaluations, followed by next-generation whole-genome sequencing and optical genome mapping. In the subsequent year, the proband reported additional symptoms of muscle spasms, difficulty of relaxation of the anal sphincter, and stiffness in movements.

Deep learning modelling to forecast emergency department visits using calendar, meteorological, internet search data and stock market price.

Background: Accurate prediction of hospital emergency department (ED) patient visits and acuity levels have potential to improve resource allocation including manpower planning and hospital bed allocation. Internet search data have been used in medical applications like disease pattern prediction and forecasting ED volume. Past studies have also found stock market price positively correlated with ED volume.

Knowledge and practice of healthy behaviors for dementia and stroke prevention in a United States cohort.

At least 45% of dementia and 60% of stroke cases are due to modifiable risk factors and could in part be prevented through healthy behavior. This cross-sectional study clustered and characterized a U.S.

Recurrent ischemic stroke in young adults: A multicenter cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Background: Recurrent ischemic stroke (IS) disproportionately affects individuals in their most productive years, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its growing importance, data on this critical population remain limited.

Aim: The aim of the study is to characterize rates and factors associated with recurrent IS in young adults.

Trends in Risk Factor Management Among Stroke Survivors in a Representative US Population.

Whether stroke survivors can meet risk factor recommendations set by guidelines is unknown. We investigated the proportion of stroke survivors that met the secondary prevention guideline recommendations, analyzed the trends over time, and assessed the impact on mortality. Using cross-sectional data on stroke survivors from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2018, we determined the proportion of stroke survivors who met guideline recommendations.