Assessment of regulated and unregulated disinfection byproduct formation using chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation in pilot studies and data-driven modeling.

Chlorine dioxide (ClO) has been emerging as an alternative to chlorine for disinfection due to the lower formation of regulated organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). This pilot-scale study investigated the impacts of ClO pre-oxidation and delayed chlorination on regulated and unregulated DBPs. These included trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), chloral hydrate, chlorite, and chlorate.

Competition for microtubule lattice spacing between a microtubule expander and compactor.

Microtubules exist in expanded and compacted states, as defined by the lattice spacing of αβ-tubulin dimers. Changes in lattice spacing have been linked to factors such as GTP-hydrolysis, the binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), the tubulin code, and microtubule bending. These diverse factors exert opposing molecular driving forces on the microtubule lattice that push lattice spacing toward expanded or compacted states.

Use of Nonmainstream Features Across Contexts and Grades Among School-Age Students With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose: Language ability measures do not account for complex use of non-mainstream American English (NMAE) features. We examined the impact of conversational context and grade on the use of NMAE features in elementary school, both with developmental language disorder (DLD) and in typical-language peers (TL).

Method: Students in kindergarten and first and second grades who speak African American English (AAE; = 69) completed a language ability measure and story-retell and conversational tasks.

Accuracy of Bowel Ultrasound for Detecting Inflammatory Bowel Disease at a Tertiary Hospital in Central South Africa.

Background: To prevent complications, early diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are crucial. The gold standard for diagnosis is colonoscopy with biopsy, which is invasive and costly. Bowel ultrasound (BUS) is a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic imaging tool.

New Imaging Method of Mobile Phone-Based Colorimetric Sensor for Iron Quantification.

Blood iron levels are related to many health conditions, affecting hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. To aid in the prevention and treatment of iron-related disorders, previous research has developed a low-cost, accurate, point-of-care method for measuring iron from a single finger-prick blood sample. This study builds upon that work by introducing an improved imaging method that accurately reads sensor images irrespective of variations in environmental illumination and camera quality.