Biopsychosocial and Environmental Factors that Impact Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions in Obesity.

Background: Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and influencing factors, its prevalence continues to increase at an alarming rate. Social determinants of health (SDOH) encompass a broad range of psychosocial and environmental factors, including economic stability, education, access to healthcare, social support, isolation, neighborhood disadvantage, discrimination, early life adversity, and stress, all of which have been recognized to significantly increase the risk of obesity.

Aim: This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between SDOH and biological mechanisms related to the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) system that lead to altered eating behaviors and obesity.

Sex-based associations between neighborhood disadvantage and brain-gut alterations in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a stress-sensitive disorder that exhibits sex differences in brain-gut-microbiome interactions. Neighborhood disadvantage is a chronic stressor that may influence brain-gut-microbiome health in patients with IBS, potentially contributing to clinical profiles in a sex-specific manner. This study evaluated sex-based associations between neighborhood disadvantage and clinical characteristics, cortical morphology, and Prevotella relative abundance (a sex-specific microbial marker in IBS) in individuals with IBS compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Functional Connectome of Superagers Reveals Early Markers of Resilience and Vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease.

As populations age, identifying the neurobiological basis of cognitive resilience is critical for delaying or preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD). While most older adults experience memory decline, a subset known as superagers (SA) maintains youthful memory into late life, offering a unique window into protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration. Here, we identified a functional connectivity (FC) signature, termed Alzheimer's-resilient connectome (ARC), that robustly differentiates SA from age-matched patients with AD.

Nasal immunization with compound 48/80-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccines is an effective strategy to induce pertussis-specific systemic and mucosal immunity.

Purpose: Mast cell activating adjuvants induce vaccine-specific systemic and mucosal immunity when administered intranasally. infects the respiratory tract and caused 0.45% childhood mortality in the United States before implementing pertussis vaccines.

Noradrenaline for progressive supranuclear palsy syndromes (NORAPS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover Phase IIb clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral atomoxetine for treating cognitive and behavioural changes in people with progressive supranuclear palsy syndromes in the UK.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterised by cognitive, behavioural and motor problems. Motor symptoms are highly disabling, while cognitive and behavioural changes have a major impact on carer burden, quality of life and prognosis. Apathy and impulsivity are very common, often coexistent in PSP, and negatively predict survival.