Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Robust Deepfake Detection: Advancing Accuracy, Scalability, and Multimodal Integration.

Deepfakes pose critical threats to digital media integrity and societal trust. This paper presents a hybrid deepfake detection framework combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to address challenges in scalability, generalizability, and adversarial robustness. The framework integrates adversarial training, a temporal decay analysis model, and multimodal detection across audio, video, and text domains.

Preoperative embolization improves local control and modulates gene expression in atypical WHO grade 2 meningioma.

Background: Preoperative embolization is hypothesized to reduce blood loss and operative time for meningioma resection, but the impact of preoperative embolization on long-term oncological outcomes and molecular features of meningiomas is incompletely understood. Here we investigate how preoperative embolization influences perioperative and long-term outcomes and molecular features of atypical WHO grade 2 meningiomas.

Methods: Patients who underwent resection of WHO grade 2 meningiomas from 1997 to 2021 were retrospectively identified from an institutional database.

Access to contraceptive services during the COVID-19 pandemic: clients' perspective at primary health care level from India, Nigeria and Tanzania.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the provision of sexual and reproductive health services, including contraceptive and family planning (FP) services. The World Health Organization conducted a multi-country study in India, Nigeria and Tanzania to assess the impact of the pandemic on the health system's capacity to provide contraceptive and FP services. In this paper, we share the results of a qualitative study aimed at understanding clients' perspectives at the primary healthcare level on accessing contraceptive services in COVID-19-affected areas in the three aforementioned countries.

Children's Satiety Responsiveness Moderates the Association between Food Reinforcement and Eating in the Absence of Hunger.

The reinforcing value of food, a measure of motivation to obtain food, is associated with obesity in children. However, the extent to which food reinforcement predicts children's intake under different contexts (i.e.

Biochemical characterization of a flavodiiron protein from bird parasite Histomonas meleagridis: superoxide as a reaction intermediate.

Histomonas meleagridis is a parasitic protozoan which causes histomoniasis (blackhead disease) in a wide range of birds, including domesticated chickens and turkeys, representing a significant health problem in avian veterinary medicine. Despite being classified as an anaerobic parasite, H. meleagridis can survive transient exposure to oxygen while little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to cope with exposure to varying oxygen levels.

Impact of race-based customization on detection of fetal growth restriction.

Objective: Fetal growth standards determine which fetuses are diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and become candidates for enhanced fetal monitoring. Given the existence of race-based differences in fetal and neonatal weights, we sought to determine the impact of race-based customization of fetal growth curves on the antenatal detection of FGR.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8731 individuals who identified as either White or Black and delivered a liveborn singleton at Magee-Womens Hospital (MWH), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, between January 2003 and January 2013, with at least one sonographic measurement of estimated fetal weight (EFW) taken at 23-41 weeks' gestation.

Differential Response to Corticosteroids in Immune-Mediated Myokymia vs Grouped Fasciculation Discharges.

Myokymia and grouped fasciculation discharges (GFD) are electromyographic manifestations of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes. This case series explores the differential response to corticosteroids in patients with myokymia compared to those with GFDs. Six patients were included in this report: three with predominant myokymia and three with predominant GFDs, reviewed between March 2023 and February 2024.

Serological Assessment of Alpha Galactosidase, N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid, and Histopathological Observations in Xenograft Recipients.

Background and aims The alpha-galactosidase (αGal) epitope and the associated anti-Gal antibodies, along with the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and its corresponding anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, represent critical obstacles in the field of xenotransplantation. We present an evaluation of serological and histopathological data from patients who experienced immunological rejection after receiving decellularized xenografts. This study aims to analyze the long-term immune responses that occur following the implantation of these grafts, providing insights into the mechanisms driving rejection and their potential impact on transplant outcomes.

Fabric on fabric: A conductive fabric-based wearable coil using cutting plotter for MRI at 3T.

Purpose: Wearable coils fabricated using conductive threads have high resistance that limits SNR. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the utility of conductive fabric as a coil conductor that can be fabricated using a cutting plotter.

Methods: A single-channel coil was developed by feeding a conductive fabric sheet into an automatic cutting plotter.

Economic burden and economic impact of oral diseases in India: a protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Oral diseases are a major contributor to global disability but remain largely neglected in health policy, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India carries a disproportionately high burden of dental caries and periodontal disease, with limited access to oral healthcare and high reliance on out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE). Despite this, there is a lack of synthesised economic evidence specific to India, which limits informed policymaking and resource allocation.

RSV Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among US Adults Aged 60 Years or Older During 2 Seasons.

Importance: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for adults aged 60 years or older became available in 2023. One dose is recommended for all adults aged 75 years or older and those aged 60 to 74 years at increased risk of severe RSV; however, duration of protection is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate RSV vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalization among adults aged 60 years or older during 2 RSV seasons.

Correction: Impact of Green Tea Consumption on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49775.

Environmental surveillance of soil-transmitted helminths and other enteric pathogens in settings without networked wastewater infrastructure: Environmental surveillance for STH and other enteric pathogens.

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the most prevalent enteric infections world-wide. To control STH-related morbidity, the World Health Organization recommends targeted deworming and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene. Current surveillance strategies for STH focus on identifying and quantifying eggs in stool samples via microscopy, which exhibits poor specificity and sensitivity, especially in settings with low-intensity infections.

IgM and IgG1 B cell receptors differentially affect B cell fates and dictate the pathogenesis of mature B cell lymphomas.

Malignant B cells rely on B cell receptor (BCR) signals for their survival and growth. Besides the Immunoglobulin M (IgM) BCR, lymphoma cells can also express non-IgM (IgG) BCRs; however, the role of IgG BCRs in malignant B cell is not well understood. Here, we report poorer disease outcomes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) expressing high IgM versus those expressing IgG1.

Effect of Hydrodynamic Shear Stress on Algal Cell Fate in 3D Extrusion Bioprinting.

The 3D bioprinting of aquatic photosynthetic organisms holds potential for applications in biosensing, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production. While algae cells can be immobilized in bioprinted cell-friendly matrices, there is a knowledge gap regarding the thresholds of hydrodynamic shear stress that affect the cells' functionality and viability during bioprinting. This study examines the effect of hydrodynamic shear stress on the fate of cells.

In vivo assessment on effects of zinc-doped cadmium sulphide nanoparticles synthesized using Hypsizygus ulmarius mushroom extract on toxicity of paclobutrazol in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early-life stages.

Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a fungicide widely used as growth regulator in plants, is often detected in surface waters, posing potential risks to aquatic life. While its toxicity in adult fish is known, effects on early-life stages remain underexplored. The study evaluated the effect of PBZ on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae and the potential protective role of zinc-doped cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (Zn-CdS NPs) synthesized using Hypsizygus ulmarius mushroom extract.

Epidemiological, forensic, and clinical insights into burn injuries: A decade-long retrospective analysis from Goa Medical College.

Burn injuries constitute a significant public health and forensic challenge, accounting for 8.91 % of total post-mortem examinations in Goa during 2014-2023. This study examines 972 burn cases, analysing epidemiological, forensic, and clinical factors.

Persistent Inflammation, Maladaptive Remodeling, and Fibrosis in the Kidney Following Long COVID-like MHV-1 Mouse Model.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in long-term multiorgan complications, with the kidney being a primary target. This study aimed to characterize the long-term transcriptomic changes in the kidney following coronavirus infection using a murine model of MHV-1-induced SARS-like illness and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SPIKENET (SPK).

Methods: A/J mice were infected with MHV-1.

Bibliometric Analysis of India's Ayush Systems of Medicine Using Ayush Research Portal Data from 1954-2020: Current Status, Challenges, and the Way Forward for Future Research.

Background: Research quality in Ayush systems of medicine is vital for evidence synthesis and decision-making. As Ayush gains global recognition, analyzing its trends and challenges is important for improving clinical outcomes. However, a comprehensive analysis of research publications is lacking.

A Novel Pancreaticojejunostomy Training Model Utilizing Deceased Donor Pancreas.

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex operation with high postoperative morbidity, largely driven by pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) leak. In 2021, US general surgery residency graduates performed only 9.5 ± 7 pancreatic operations, suggesting a need for additional experience with complex pancreatic anastomosis.

Multicentric validation of the PathoDetect™ MTB RIF & INH assay for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, & drug resistance to rifampicin & isoniazid in presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis & drug-resistant TB patients.

Background & objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with India accounting for 26 per cent of the global burden. Despite advances, access to rapid molecular diagnostics is limited, and the assays currently used in National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) do not detect isoniazid (INH) resistance upfront. PathoDetect™ MTB RIF & INH is an indigenous closed-system assay that simultaneously detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampicin (RIF) and INH.