Effect of Extent of Resection and Adjuvant Radiation on Recurrence of BRAF versus β-Catenin-Mutated Craniopharyngioma: A Single Institutional Case Series.

Objectives: The two histologic subtypes of craniopharyngiomas (CPs), papillary and adamantinomatous, harbor mutually exclusive mutations of BRAF V600E and CTNNB1, respectively. Studies suggest that subtotal resection (STR) plus adjuvant radiation therapy (XRT) may result in similar progression-free survival (PFS) as gross total resection (GTR). We hypothesized that STR ± XRT and GTR result in similar PFS for both BRAF and β-catenin-mutated CPs.

Fall-risk assessment in elderly pilgrims attending large religious congregation: A cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: Falls are an important geriatric syndrome with tremendous economic burden. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of fall risk as assessed by digital sensor-based quantitative timed up and go (QTUG) device in elderly pilgrims attending Mahakumbh festival 2019.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study done in elderly pilgrims attending the Kumbh Festival 2019.

Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools powered by machine learning to identify antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors in from sepsis.

Extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing poses a global public health threat. Here, we performed a hospital-based study that reinforced the necessity for rapid antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence gene mapping of clinical isolates. Whole-genome sequencing of 18 sepsis-causing strains was performed to identify multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence factor genes and to correlate these with antibiotic use in patients with sepsis.

Evaluating the Prophylactic and Nephroprotective Effects of Vitamin D and Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, is characterized by oxidative stress (OS), chronic inflammation, and progressive fibrosis. Despite existing treatment options, disease progression remains a challenge. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of vitamin D, alone and in combination with metformin, in mitigating DN progression in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Spectrophotometric approach for deconvolving overlapped spectra of antihypertensive drug mixtures using UV detection: an eco-friendly method.

This study presented four simple, environmentally friendly, chemometric methods for the determination of Amlodipine besylate and Telmisartan, When analyzed together, these drugs exhibit spectral overlapping; therefore, by adopting spectral manipulation, drugs are quantified simultaneously. The methods are namely the first derivative spectrophotometric method, the ratio difference method, the first derivative ratio method and the amplitude factor method. The methods showed detection limits ranging from 0.

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) deficiency patient with gender dysphoria: insights into challenges in management.

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that impairs testosterone synthesis, leading to undervirilisation in 46,XY individuals. An individual in their early 20s, raised as female, developed male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. Evaluation revealed a 46,XY karyotype.

Antibacterial Activity of Organic Solvents Extract on Fruits and Leaves of Black Mulberry against Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Acidophilus.

Background: The mulberry leaves have far more flavonoids than other berries while having much less catechin. The aim and objective of this study were assessment of the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extract of mulberry fruit and leaves on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Material And Methods: The ethanol extracts of fruits and leaves of black mulberry will be prepared in the institute.

Malignant transformation of parathyromatosis to parathyroid carcinoma with invasive growth and distant metastasis.

Unlabelled: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy. It accounts for about 1% of all primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases and 0.005% of all malignancies.

The Role of Twisted Gastrulation 1 (TWSG1) Gene in TGF-β Signaling Linked to Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is a crucial pathway in cancer development, affecting key processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and the spread of cancer cells. Recent research highlights the role of Twisted Gastrulation Protein Homolog 1 (TWSG1) as an important regulator of TGF-β signaling, showing both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing activities depending on the type of cancer and its specific context.

Objective: This review provides a detailed overview of how TWSG1 influences TGF-β signaling in different cancers, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and lung.

Somatic TP53 Mutations Drive T and NK Cell Dysfunction in AML and Can be Rescued by Reactivating Wild Type p53.

Therapeutic advances in immunotherapy have significantly improved outcomes in lymphomas and myelomas, yet patients with TP53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continue to be challenged. While TP53 mutations in leukemic blasts have been extensively characterized, their incidence and impact within immune cells remain largely unexplored. Here, using single-cell multi-omics and integrated phenotypic analyses, we identify TP53 mutations in T and NK cells from AML patients.

CHD1 dysregulation in cancer: bridging chromatin instability, therapy resistance, and immune evasion.

Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) is a central regulator of chromatin dynamics, profoundly influencing gene expression, DNA repair, and genomic stability. This review critically explores CHD1's role in cancer biology, emphasizing its complex, context-dependent functions. In prostate cancer, CHD1 acts as both a tumour suppressor and a facilitator of neuroendocrine differentiation, with its loss linked to aggressive phenotypes, resistance to androgen receptor therapies, and synthetic lethality with PTEN loss.

Failed Loop Endobutton Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction Treated with Duo Figure of 8 FiberTape Augmented Autogenic Graft Wrapping Technique: A Case Report.

Introduction: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are prevalent among young, active individuals and account for a significant proportion of shoulder girdle and collision sports injuries. The Rockwood classification system categorizes these injuries from Type I to VI, guiding treatment from conservative management to surgical intervention. Despite various surgical techniques, including the Fiber-loop Endobutton method, failure rates, and complications remain a concern, particularly in cases of post-operative instability.

Revolutionizing DNA Extraction: A Cost-Effective Approach for Genomic DNA Retrieval from Dried Blood Spots.

Background: This study introduces an efficient, cost-effective laboratory- derived method for extracting genomic DNA from dried blood spots (DBS) by optimizing the organic separation phenol method.

Methodology: DBS samples, collected via heel prick from 50 neonates as a part of routine newborn screening, were processed using an optimized phenol method that employs lysis buffers with minimal concentrations of proteinase K and phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (PCI) reagent.

Results: The extracted genomic DNA exhibited a concentration range of 50 to 200ng/μl, with purity levels (A260/280) falling within the range of 1.

Implementing and validating newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in South India: a 2-year observational study at a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Newborn screening (NBS) is an essential public health initiative for early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), where timely intervention can reduce morbidity and mortality. While routine in developed countries, NBS is not widely practised in India. This study aimed to implement NBS programme in a tertiary care hospital in South India and validate predetermined cut-off values tailored to the regional population.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Versus Hydroalcoholic Extract of Mangifera indica Linn Leaves in Different Concentrations Against Streptococcus Mutans - An In Vitro Study.

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn (mango) plant leaves on Streptococcus Mutans in comparison with the positive control (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative control (alcohol 96%).

Settings And Design: Ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn leaves were obtained by following the extraction procedure.

Assessing the diagnostic potential of 16SrRNA gene for neonatal sepsis: A tertiary care hospital study in South India.

Background: The need of the hour is to incorporate a rapid assay that could efficiently detect neonatal sepsis. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of 16SrRNA broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in neonatal sepsis.

Methods: The demographic and clinical details of 100 neonates clinically suspected to have sepsis were collected adopting pretested clinical proforma, followed by baseline laboratory investigations, including blood culture, complete blood counts, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Mitochondrial DNA variants in the pathogenesis and metabolic alterations of diabetes mellitus.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants considerably affect diabetes mellitus by disturbing mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, oxidative stress response, and even insulin secretion. The m.3243 A > G variants is associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), where early onset diabetes and hearing loss are prominent features.

Plasticity of Human Microglia and Brain Perivascular Macrophages in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

The complex roles of myeloid cells, including microglia and perivascular macrophages, are central to the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet they remain incompletely understood. Here, we profiled 832,505 human myeloid cells from the prefrontal cortex of 1,607 unique donors covering the human lifespan and varying degrees of AD neuropathology. We delineated 13 transcriptionally distinct myeloid subtypes organized into 6 subclasses and identified AD-associated adaptive changes in myeloid cells over aging and disease progression.

PvuII-ESR1 gene polymorphism in premenstrual dysphoric disorder in South Indian women.

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition that affects nearly 3-9% of the women in the reproductive age during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle characterized by symptoms varying in severity and affecting the quality of life. Earlier research studies conducted have reported independent relationships between PvuII-ESR1-polymorphism and psychological traits in PMDD and risk for cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms. However, as the studies are few in number and the results are not consistent, there is a need for our study to link between the PvuII-ESR1gene and PMDD.

Patient-centered approaches to communicating ear, nose, and throat advancements: Bridging the knowledge gap.

Background: Effective communication between patients and healthcare providers is essential for optimal care outcomes, particularly in the field of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine. Our study aimed to explore patient-centered communication approaches in the context of ENT advancements to bridge the knowledge gap between healthcare providers and patients.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and medical record reviews for this cross-sectional observational study.

Comparative Study of Mini-implants versus Standard Implants in Orthodontic Anchorage for Space Closure.

Background: In order to obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes, orthodontic space closure frequently requires trustworthy anchoring devices. Because they are easier to install and smaller than regular implants, mini-implants have become a viable option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regular implants versus mini-implants as orthodontic anchoring devices for closing gaps in a tertiary care context.